Contemporary Issues in Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Contemporary Issues in Business - Essay ExampleIn fact, planning is not about predicting the next, but preparing for it disregarding the fact of which future will at last issue forth true (Wade, 2012, p.31). Therefore, scenario planning is about trying to formulate plans that are addressing the what-if scenarios in the future (Hill and Jones, 2009, p.26). It is therefore smooth to fancy that scenario planning is a used tool for flexible long-term plans, which also allows decision makers to understand the nature and impact of uncertainties that affect the world (Northumbria University, 2014). This technically does not mean forecasting the future, but eventually preparing for the future to come based on the possible scenarios to take place. After all, scenarios are considered to be as strong supports for strategic planning (Zahradnickova and Vacik, 2014, p.665).The reason why there is a need to prepare for the future with various plans addressing the what-if concerns is due to the fact that the business environment is affected by many forces. This leads to the point that in the actual business, scenario planning is considered as an analytical tool that allows the business people to prepare things in the future, because it allows them to take on a framework that can lead them further to develop visions for the future as they analyse the environmental forces in the environment that can hinder growth. In the business environment, an organisation is faced with various forces much(prenominal) as politics, economics, social, economics, technological and legal concerns. These are important factors that could substantially affect the business outcomes. In the source place, there are various cases by which the success of an organisation depends on the prevailing legal concerns in an organisation. On the other hand, the success of a certain brand for instance may depend on the prevailing social trend that people accept in the society.

Supermarket industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Supermarket industry - render ExampleSupermarkets atomic number 18 currently employing a wide variety of various low-tech and high-tech tools in their never ending struggle to try and grab a larger sh ar of the $500 trillion that American happen to spend each years on their supermarket purchases (CNBC 2011). The Marketing Strategies and Concepts Used by Supermarkets Supermarkets are constantly trying as much as possible to learn about their customers and their respective acquire habits. To do this, they analyze and trail their customers from the moment that they entire the supermarket store utilise a variety of technological tools such as video monitoring, heat maps that actively track shoppers as they move around the supermarket and the fealty cards that the supermarkets cut off out given to their customers (Ryals 139). Attractive and appropriate packaging Supermarkets encourage producers to package their harvest-times in cunning packaging materials so as to be able to e arn shoppers into buying the products. Companies such as Henkel Consumer goods have employed a large team of engineers, artists and technicians whose main role and focus is to ensure that they work on constantly developing the bottle design and packaging. Careful consideration is placed on every trail and word that appears on the bottle. Some of the factors that are interpreted into consideration seek to answer questions such as do the customers find it easy to handle the packaging? Do they find it easy to physically pick up the product and store it in their shopping carts? Do they find it easy to pour the product from the container? And is it easy for them to store the product in their houses in light of the shelves used in the average homes? (CNBC 2011)? obtain Presentations In efforts to try and enhance the marketing concepts and strategies that are in use within the supermarkets, supermarkets have pissn to employing the services of professional companies that help them creat e appropriate designs for their stores that will help them in maximizing their sales. The designs take into account everything about the customers shopping experience down to the product placement that will be used in the shop so as to ensure that the customers senses are well appealed (CNBC 2011). These design companies create Stopping presentations of various products which they stage theatrically. Supermarkets employ the use of cartons that they artfully coiffe so as to ensure that they make the actual real product on sale appear to be more(prenominal) abundant than it really is. The most valuable space is usually the space at eye-level and most new products are placed at this level so as to further attract the customers (Graf 46). Common purchase products such as butter, milk and cheese are placed at the farthest corner of the store so as to ensure that customers are tempted to purchase more products on their focussing to the isle where these products are place. Instead of t he more traditional isle design where the isles are arranged in a meandering fashion instead of row after row of straight isles, there are now more twists and turns that have been placed so as to ensure that a shopper comes into contact with more tempting goods to purchase (CNBC 2011). Some of the best supermarket stores today ensure that they appease the shoppers senses by stimulating them using various scents

Major Favtors Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Major Favtors - sample ExampleIn that case, the accounting practices in China focus on both the fair entry of fiscal position and a conservative presentation. The reason behind a fair presentation is to twin the various needs and requirements of the stakeholders and the capital market. The conservative approach is targeting the banking sector, which has a direct access to financial randomness (Central Intelligence Agency).(b) Legal system the statutory system in China is coded. Coded laws seek to, exhaustively, envelop the animate laws and preserve their implication to match that of the time it was coded. For this reason, the Chinese accounting practices atomic number 18 highly, rigid, prescriptive, detailed and procedural. This kind of legal system requires that the national law regulate the accounting practices. For that reason, China engages in the preparation of two sets of financial statement. That is, the rigid and the adaptive type, to comply with different types of le gal systems (Central Intelligence Agency).(c) Taxation the system is linked to hypothesize the legal system. In China, the national laws regulate the taxation practices. In this case, the accounting and the taxation process are the same (International Federation of Accountants).(d) Political and economic ties - the basis of accounting practices is influenced by the external forces due to global relations. China has strong political and economic ties with Japan, whose legal system is codified. The ties have greatly influenced Chinas financial reporting regime (International Federation of Accountants).(e) Inflation the changes in the rate of inflation affect the commodity prices in countries. The financial figures should reflect the level of inflation in a country. However, in countries with a slump rate of inflation, like China, the reported accounting figures rarely reflect the rate of inflation (Central Intelligence Agency).(f) level of economic development the economic deve lopment in

Everyones Gasoline Problems Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Everyones Gasoline Problems - Assignment ExampleThis indicates that on that point atomic number 18 a number of factors other than crude footings that dictate footing fluctuations in flatulence.The factors that drive gasoline prices are complex and encompass international crude oil inventories, national wholesale product price discounting, inflation, domestic retail competition and federal taxes (Borenstein, Cameron, & Gilbert, 1997). The description and influence of the following factors on gasoline prices are described belowPrice of Crude Oil Reports from Federal Trade Commission recognize that changes in crude oil are the major contributing factor of the variability of gasoline prices. Crude oil prices, in turn, are reflective of supply and demand imbalances across the world, especially triggered by production levels pay off by OPEC countries. Rising demand in developing economies such as China and India also excise the supply and demand for crude oil.Infrastructure Issues In the United States, the availability, consistency, and prices of gasoline are intricately think to its production and delivery infrastructure such as transmission lines, processing plants etc. and are also a driver of gasoline prices.Weather Many times, colder than normal weather patterns are responsible for short-run volatility in gasoline prices since fluctuations in weather can change (rise or fall) the demand dynamics of the commodity. high-risk Trading and Market Manipulation Presence of unreliable price data and large price movements attracts the attention of speculators and hedge funds that see market volatility as an opportunity to make the profit. Speculative tradition can further trend gasoline market to be imbalanced and hence cause high price differentials.In case of premium coffees, it is assumed that the coffee market is currently in a state of equilibrium, i.e. the supply and demand for the product balance one other.

Abnormal Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Abnormal Psychology - leaven ExampleIt is probably the best illustration f a temperament potentially involved in the etiology f these trouble oneselfs. The behaviors associated with the behavioral inhibition construct have been demonstrated to be stable all over time these children have been observed to develop an increase in worry disorders, particularly social phobia, as they mature. In addition, their relatives have been demonstrated to exhibit more anxiety disorders.Finally, and most pertinent to the articles in this volume, this childhood history has been shown to be predictive f a poorer response to treatment f panic disorder in fully grownhood. All this evidence suggests that behavioral inhibition, and the highly related separation anxiety in children, rear serve as excellent models f temperamental predispositions to anxiety that can probably predict gravid anxiety disorders, as well as certain characteristics (e.g., treatment refractoriness) f these disorders. This wo rk connects adult anxiety disorders longitudinally to childhood issues, at least at the level f the models we utilize to understand these disorders. In DSM-IV, for the first time, adult anxiety disorders are recognized as beginning in childhood. However, the extent to which adult anxiety disorders begin in childhood is still not determined research is urgently compulsory but is difficult because f its longitudinal nature.On the other hand, the evidence suggests that anxiety difficulties can jump on and wane through childhood and routate into other problems over time. Also, there is a clear impact f parental behavior on anxiety. Both these issues lead us to broaden our model f these difficulties beyond mere temperament. A model f a genetic predisposition or temperament that invariably, and with slender other influence, develops into adult anxiety disorders does not seem to fit the data. Instead, there is strong evidence that incompatible parenting behaviors affect the

Psychology How important are the contents of the unconscious mind to Essay

Psychology How important are the contents of the unconscious mind mind to the understanding and treatment of genial health problems - Essay ExampleThe complex aetiological structure of mental problems implies that each potential apparent motion must be carefully studied to understand its role in the onset of a overturn and eventually design an effective treatment strategy. However, despite the increasing body of scientific studies in the field, it is seldom the case that the research equally addresses each of the three major types of induces. Probably the most noticeable aptness in this regard is that the recent advances in the field of genetics and neuroscience convey led to a site when the biological causes of mental health and illness receive overwhelming attention while the psychological and socio-cultural aspects abide relatively understudied.Fortunately, the increasing use of psych early(a)apeutic interventions in both understanding and treatment of mental problems sugg ests that ultramodern researchers and practitioners are taking efforts to finally rectify the imbalance and acknowledge the role of unconscious in psychiatrical discourse. Thus, the latest edition of the American Psychiatry Associations Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV) clearly demonstrates that the concept of the unconscious is re-emerging in psychiatric discourse (McAndrew and Warne, 2005, p.172). ... Main DiscussionPsychoanalytic Theory (PT) is fully based on the epoch-making theory of the father of modern psychology Sigmund Freud. The key postulate of Freuds theory is that human universe passes through a series of psychosexual legs over the course of maturation. Each interpret is dominated by the development of sensitivity in a particular erogenous or pleasure-giving zone of the body. Each stage poses for individuals a unique conflict they must cope with before passing over to the next stage of development. In case the conflict is not resolved it will result in a long-lasting frustration. Such frustrations become chronic and in future shape the behaviour of personality. Moreover, people may intercept at a given stage when they become extremely addicted to its pleasures. But whatever the cause is the result is the same it leads to fixation of an individual at some certain stage of development (Gleitman et al., 2000).Freud set five stages of psychosexual development the oral, anal, phallic, latent and genital. The oral phase starts from the moment of birth, when both needs and their consequence involve participation of childs tongue, lips and teeth. Mouth is the first zone of body the child can control and collectable to this the most part of his sexual energy is focused on it. Later, when the child can control other parts of his body, a certain part of his energy still remains cathected to his mouth. Therefore it is natural to have a moderate interest to oral pleasures (Frager and Fadiman, 2000).As the child grows up new zones of pleasure appear. At age between two and four years the child is learning how to control the anal sphincter and bladder, they obtain much of his attention. The process of toilet

Jewish Cosmopolitanism in the Modern Era Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Jewish Cosmopolitanism in the Modern duration - Essay ExampleThe changes of the Jews shall be attri notwithstandinged to the main Anti-Semitic shame forms that attributed the Jews as unique, thus deserving the hatred they received, and still to some reasonable measure, still receive. These atomic number 18 cultural, economic, religious, political, apocalyptic, and racial perceptions. Major cities in the world are cosmopolitan meaning that they host diverse cultures, races, religions and tribes. Based on the Anti-Semitic belief by the Jews that predominantly having the desire to exercise the Jewish Culture would lead to the easy identification of Jews, much care is taken. thither is also a belief that since the Jews were considered as the Chosen Lot, there was a tendency of them wanting to get down any other culture and make people assimilate their culture. The result of this fear made the ripe-day Jew take up the cultures of various cosmopolitan groups in the city, gifting the m with diverse survival tactics that aped all the communities. This gave the modern Jews an upper hand as they were able to interact with all the groups. According to them, this was a survival achievement they had to learn in order not to be distinct and conspicuous for any attack from the Anti-Semites. This was good, but eventually, Jews lose their touch with their culture.Judaism, the main Jewish religion, has had a long fault with Christianity ever since the emergence of Christianity. This misunderstanding arose from various factors that included the differences in beliefs about God.

Carl Eugene Watts aka The Sunday Morning Slasher Speech or Presentation

Carl Eugene Watts aka The Sunday Morning Slasher - Speech or Presentation exercisingTherefore, learning about resultant killers is a significant aspect of legal practitioners in order to expose the myths from the truths. In this case, it is important for legal practitioners to learn about different serial killers in American history. establish on the foregoing, this expose elucidateson the life and times ofone of themost prolific serial killers inAmerica knownas Carl Eugene Watts, nicknamed as The Sunday Morning Slasher. According to Walter and White (2008), Carl Eugene Wattswas bornon 11 July 1953 to Richard, a private in the army, and Dorothy Mae, a kindergarten teacher, in Killeen, Texas. However, the parents separated when Carl was less than two geezerhood old leaving him at the care of his mother. Consequently, her mother moved to Inkster, Michigan where she married a mechanic called Norman Caesar, with whom she bore two daughters. However, Bell (n.d.) noned that Carl did not like his stepfather and consequently had problems adjusting to this new lifestyle, which arose from the forethought of losing his mother. During his child, Carl developed a fantasy to torture and kill girls and young women. Indeed, he attacked a young char aged 26 years while at the age of 15 years as he delivered newspapers (Bell, n.d.). Consequently, Carl underwent a psychiatrist evaluation whereby he talked of his strange dream. However, Hewitt, Stewart, and Cosgriff (2002) reported that Carl responded that the strange dreams and fantasies he experienced were not disturbing him and he derived satisfaction once he had these dreams and fantasies (as cited in Bell, n.d.). At tutor, Carl had difficulties in learning, although he excelled in baseball, due to an incident of meningitis he suffered at the age of 8 years old. Indeed, at the age of 16 years, Carl was at third grade level of reading. However, his mother guided him and tutored him whereby hegraduated from high prepar e at the age of19 years. Although Carl recorded poor grades in school, he excelled in sports, which was a vogue of releasing his aggressive behavior. Eventually, Lane College, in Jacksonville, awarded him a football scholarship although he left school after several months in school once he suffered minor leg injuries (Bell, n.d.). As in the first place explained, Carls first encounter with the law was at the age of 15 years when he assaulted a 26 year old named Joan Gave. Consequently, Carl underwent trial and his subsequent sentencing was to a mental facility in Detroit called Lafayette Clinic where he underwent a psychiatrist examination. During the examination, the results indicated that Carl suffered from a mild form of mental retardation with an IQ of 75 (Walter & White, 2008). However, a police officer, who interviewed Carl after arrest, indicated that Carl had an excellent memory and appeared to be very intelligent (Leung, 2004). Carls career as a serial killer started in 1 974 at the age of 20 years whereby he kidnapped capableness victims from the comfort and safety of their homes, tortured them, and finally killed these victims (Walter & White, 2008). According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (n.d.), a serial killing is a seriesof three or more killings, not less thanone of whichwas committedwithin the UnitedStates, having common characteristics such as to suggest

The first American railroad - Narrative Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The first American trackroad - Narrative - Essay ExampleFor instance, through and through narratives it is possible to condone and understand how people and cultures of the past related with each other leading to the process of instruction and how this development came to spread in various regions. All this, being in the foretelling of the first American rail road creese.The first American rail road was approximately three thousand and sixty society kilometers or one thousand nine hundred and seven miles long. Also dubbed as the first transcontinental rail road and the pacific rail road, it caught a lot of peoples eyes in amazement. It was constructed through a total tie period of six years form 1863 to 1869. The totality of the rail road line ran form the pacific coast of San Francisco bay to council bluffs, Lowa across the western united states (Hofsommer 12).This rail road was at the time the major development project and people used it as the major form of transport. This d o sure that the government was keen in every aspects of its development. For instance it involved the consultancy of various private companies in its development such as the western pacific rail road company, the central pacific railroad line company of California, and the union pacific rail road company. Each of these companies was involved in the planning and death penalty stages with each partaking a share of building the rail way line (Hofsommer 4).As was in many an(prenominal) of the other regions at the time, the paddle steamers were the first locomotives to move across this rail road. On the day of the debut of the rail way the first paddle steamer on the road was launched and many of the high and properly citizens in the country partook tickets to ride and go down in history as the first passengers on the first American rail road. Thousand more lined along the rail road through out the whole journey to witness this remarkable invention that promised to come with better d evelopmental opportunities for their nation.The well-behaved war provided America with trained

Rock and Roll Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

joust and Roll - Essay ExampleAs the decade reached its end, the Rock and Roll had become a phenomenon that helped delineate the differences between the children and the adults.Rock and Roll originated in African American Blues and Gospel. Suburban teens were attracted to the sounds of Rhythm and Blues with the migration of the African Americans to the northern cities in large numbers. However, racism and separationism deterred many great artists of the genre from getting much exposure or attention. Alan Freed, the Disc jockey bring outed a show of rhythm-and-blues played on the Cleveland radio station. The number of people liking the show grew in no time, thus do Freed to coin the rock and roll term (Halper, 2001, p. 169). White artists first tried to administer the R&B songs but that led to weaker renditions which were not comparable to the originals in any way. This caused the record producers to start searching for a washrag artist for capturing the African American sound. In 1955 Rock around the quantify was rock and roll the first number 1 hit that was neither pop nor a white cover of a rhythm-and-blues song (Campbell and Brody, 2007, p. 105).A Memphis record producer, Sam Phillips, identified the answer in paneling Presley who took an old style and with his pouty lips, deep Southern sound, and gyrating hips, made it his own. The sound extended far and wide from Memphis, causing a drastic increase in the demand for Elvis Presley. Elvis Presley gained immense popularity in the cheer business in a span of time as short as two years. With his all in all uninhibited stage manner, teen-tough dress, greased hair in a pompadour, and energetic singing style, Elvis communicate a rebellious attitude that many teens found overwhelmingly attractive (Campbell and Brody, 2007, p. 105). After the opening up of the door to the acceptance of rock and roll, many performers of the African American origin including Fats Domino, Chuck

The Wayne Williams Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Wayne Williams - Case Study ExampleEarly grapheme evidence equanimous showed 2 types of fibers present at the crime scene a violet-colored acetate fiber and a uncouth yellow-green nylon fiber with the type of tri-lobed qualities associated with carpets. The yellow-green carpet fiber that was found on the body of allow was later compared and analyzed alongside a uniform looking yellow-green carpet that was found at the home of Williams. He used the carpet to cover the floor of his home. The carpet, thanks to the cooperation of the manufacturer DuPont, was traced down to the union that manufactured the fiber known as Wellman 181B, a common carpet that was commercially sold by the manufacturer. Due to the high volume of carpet sales, connecting the yellow-green carpet to Williams and the murder became a game of odds. The enormousness of connecting the fiber to him became even to a greater extent imperative when the dog that Williams owned showed up on the body of new(prenom inal) murder victims as offend of trace fibers (Ramsland, K., Fibers and Probability Theory). In an effort to create a convincing case, the prosecution resolute to include a 2nd victim in the Williams murder trial. That of esteem Ray Payne who had trace fibers similar to those found in Williams car, a single rayon fiber that was consistent with the cover in Williams station wagon. Chevrolet, the car manufacturer informed investigators that there was a 1 in 3,828 come about that Payne had acquired the fiber via random dawn with a car that had this carpeting installed.... The importance of connecting the fiber to him became even more imperative when the dog that Williams owned showed up on the body of other murder victims as part of trace fibers (Ramsland, K., Fibers and Probability Theory). In an effort to create a convincing case, the prosecution decided to include a 2nd victim in the Williams murder trial. That of Jimmy Ray Payne who had trace fibers similar to those found in Williams car, a single rayon fiber that was consistent with the carpeting in Williams station wagon. Chevrolet, the car manufacturer informed investigators that there was a 1 in 3,828 chance that Payne had acquired the fiber via random contact with a car that had this carpeting installed. (Ramsland, K., Fibers and Probability Theory). By introducing trace fibers from the 10 other murders that held similarities to the fiber collected from the home and car of Williams, the prosecution was effectively allowed to build its case by the Georgia courts. The investigation of the Williams serial murders came down to a numbers game simply because of the trace evidence found at the scene of the crime for each victim. Every time a comparison was done, there was a affinity either with the car or home carpet fiber of Williams. During that era of early forensic investigation, these similarities were considered stir evidence that in theory, proved who committed the crime. When combined with the fact that the prosecution successfully connected 28 fiber types to Williams, along with testimony from witnesses who swore that they had actually seen him with each of the murder victims, the fact that Williams failed his polygraph test 3 times, and the shadowy injuries that were

Resource and Talent Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Resource and endowment fund Planning - Essay ExampleTable of Contents 1.Introduction 4 2.The War for genius 5 3.Factors touch on the War for Talent 6 4.Talent Management during Economic Downturns 7 4.1 Recruitment and Selection 8 4.2 prepare and Development 9 4.3 Talent Retention 10 5.Conclusion 11 1. Introduction The war for talent has been as a result of an expanding global parsimony. This is because it has led to increased competition for talent around the globe. During times of dumb sparing growth or unusual economic crisis, management of talent remains a sm all told issue for organisations. This is because during much(prenominal) times, companies stand to lose valuable talents among their employees, if not careful. In order to succeed in the competitive global marketplace, organisations need to manage talent. Lockwood defines talent management as the application of systems created to improve productiveness in the workplace or unified approaches by establishing better me thods for inviting, cultivating, maintaining and deploying individuals with the essential skills and abilities to fulfil manifest and upcoming business needs (2006). It is a fact that the greatest challenge companies face in managing their work oblige is developing and retaining talent. Just like the rest of the world, talent management is constantly progressing. Different other factors likewise come into play in the effort to manage talent within organisations. These include partnerships, global development, and the economy that is constantly changing (Lockwood, 2006). At the centre of talent management is the belief that talent begins from the bottom of organisations and is present in individuals at all levels, and therefore everyone ought to be considered. The war for talent is influenced by factors such as increased movement of people across the globe, irreversible changes to cultures, skills and business environments, economic and demographic trends across the globe, and di versity, which all lead to competition for labour and labour shortages in organisations. To counter this, especially during times of slow economic growth, organisations focus on recruiting top talent, training and developing talent, and retaining good employees as discussed in this paper. 2. The War for Talent The term The War for Talent was created by McKinsey & Company in 1997. During the time that this term came to macrocosm, many organisations had been experiencing the phenomenon associated with it, entirely they could not fully express it. According to Michaels, Handfield-Jones and Axelrod, the economy was burning white hot in the new-fangled 1990s and companies were scrambling to hire and retain the people they needed (2001, p. 1). During this time, organisations were offering substantial bonuses for those who signed contracts with them, highly qualifies employees were being headhunted before they even settled in their new jobs and majority of them were asking for salary in crements barely deuce-ace months after joining organisations (Michaels, Handfield-Jones and Axelrod, 2001). Companies experienced shortages for qualified employees to fill crucial positions, while those that were esteemed with such talents, such as consulting firms and

Constitutional Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Constitutional Law - Essay ExampleThe two legislative chambers dramatics of Lords and House of Commons are the custodians of bringing changes and interventions in the constitution however judiciary has the power to exercise. Bringing a constitutional change without the acceptance by court is at that placefore not possible and applicable.There has been an seeming separation of powers between the parliament and judiciary. The constitution of Britain determines boundaries of institutions so that they would exercise their respective legitimate powers. There fetch been several cases which indicate that Parliament enforcing an unlawful legislation in opposition to Britains constitution destroy by the Britain judiciary. Hence bringing a constitutional change in UK is complicated and difficult. The orientation of British Judiciary has remained to escort parliament in many legal legislative measures which would safeguard the constitution. The case of in-migration and Asylum in this regar d caries colossal importance as the British parliament do changes in immigration rules without judicial review. 2 Courts rejected this decision by the parliament and make veritable that without concerning courts, such decisions would not be made in future. The parliament had to eventually withdraw their decision as the supremacy of judiciary/courts is the name of the game in Britain. 2Supremacy of Parliament has been always there in the country and they ensure to bring fundamental changes and developments in constitution which is towards national integrity and uprightness. remnant of powers among institutions is the elegance and sophistication of United Kingdoms constitution. The orientation of courts is not to overrule legislative measures made by the parliament and show its supremacy but they intend to follow the decisions which do not nullify with the previous court verdicts. Prior

Discussing the Law Cases in the United States Assignment

Discussing the Law Cases in the United States - Assignment ExampleOfficer Donofrio took a single picture of the defendant without the accompaniment of Mr Glover, the alleged buyer. He only relied on the commentary inclined to him by Mr Glover. This is another hitch what if there is another individual who resembles the defendant and maybe is the ace who sold the alleged heroin to Glover It is hard for the officer to prove that the picture he took was actually of the person Glover described. Glover admits that he had neither met the defendant nor had he seen him before, this also makes his positive identification of the defendant challengeable in a court of appeal.In short, the procedure the officer used to obtain evidence of the case is unseasonable according to the US federal constitution. The defendant lawyer can argue that the evidence given is impermissible since it is derived by Glover pretence to lure his client to commit a crime. The US criminal penal engrave states that ..Whenever evidence is objected to as inadmissible because it was discovered as a result of or otherwise derived from compelled affidavit or evidence, the burden shall be upon the person offering the challenged evidence to establish a source self-directed of the compelled testimony or evidence( Sec. 54-47a).Since the court relied on evidence given by Mr.It should be historied that the falsifying lawyer has all the right to apply for rejection of any information or evidence given under the U.S Federal criminal penal code. The federal court can upon motion by the defence lawyer at any time dismiss any information and order the defendant discharged. (Sec.54-56 ).

Aristotle Nicomachean Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Aristotle Nicomachean Ethics - Essay ExampleSince we have previously said that nonpareil ought to choose that which is intermediate, not the excess nor the defect, and that the intermediate is determined by the dictates of the right rule, let us debate the nature of these dictates. (Aristotle) The intellectual virtues discussed in this work are distinguished between those virtues that do not alter and those that change. Intelligence (nous), scientific knowledge (episteme), and wisdom (sophia) are virtues that do not change, while art (techne), forethought (phronesis), understanding (synesis) and good sense (gnome) are things that do change. In the opening section of the Book VI of The Nicomachean Ethics, Aristotle maintains that the proper work of a thing determines the virtue of the thing and the three things in the soul which date action and truth are sensation, reason, and desire. The author also divides the soul into two parts a quick-scented part (which is further divided into a contemplative part and contemplative part) and an irrational part.

Case22 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Case22 - Assignment ExampleThis division should be based on incomes (Bister M et al, 1990).After the division, one needs to consider the roles of the various groups in creating a good relationship. This relationship should be aimed at creating value between consumers, producers and clients. As a result, commercialiseing concepts of price, promotion, place, product and target market search has to be done by the company. These concepts are meant to meet the goals of the company and at the same time think on guest satisfaction. Consumers will always prefer products of good feature and performance and those with innovative features. The products should be of affordable prices and easily available. It is the role of managers to ensure that promotion is also done, and products designed to meet the needs of the customers. there are four pillars that must be taken into account while doing this, these include target market, customer needs, integrated marketing and profitability. Servin g the bottom of the pyramid will need innovations in technology, products or run and even the business models. Local governments and civil society organizations have to work yield in hand with corporations to ensure that the needs of these low level groups are met.Satisfying these low income group and at the same time meeting company requirements at times may be hard for the company. It calls for lowering the cost of production. This is hard for many companies since they have to produce high quality products at the same time. High quality products mean that the companies have to get raw materials at low prices, which is hard. At times, managers fall in hit the hay with their products that they do not realize what these low income groups need. They feel that their products are so superior that they fail to market them. Consumers, on the other hand, need these products and at affordable prices at their convenience.Extensive reach and coverage of

Business to business system in supply Chain extension Essay Example for Free

Business to business corpse in supply Chain concomitant EssayIn the aerospace sector, manufacturers are making strategic efforts to consolidate their supply base and forge stronger relationships with remain suppliers (Stundza, 1999). For example, Boeing consolidated and standardized its supply contracts and plans to reduce its number of suppliers from 3,100 to 2,700 (Stundza, 2000b). Bowman (1998) notes that within the last year in the logistics industry shippers are increasingly bidding at the corporate level.More of them are making decisions by committee, whittling down their international provider base to a bare minimum. For example, he notes that about 40 percentage of the global accounts of APL Ltd. , a worldwide logistics provider, had some type of logistics council or centralized body for purchasing, strategizing, and decision making.8 To set the stage for PSM change, innovative customers are conducting comprehensive, corporate-wide spend analyses 9 to better understa nd their primary sources of expenditures and to past(prenominal) target their PSM improvement initiatives (e.g. , quality, speed, or cost effectiveness) on those goods and services that represent their largest and most strategic expenditures (see Owens et al. , 1998, and Laseter, 1998).10 Customers are also stratifying their supply base by effect on ensues and level of strategic jeopardize and then matching the specific management approach and type of relationship formed with particular suppliers to (Moore, Baldwin, Camm, and build 2002, 6 7).The truth of the matter is that the chains grew because they introduced a method of sell distribution for which there was a definite need and which the old wholesaler-retailer strategy failed to supply. To what result the old system was implicit in(p)ly deficient and to what extent its shortcomings could be and have been corrected must be discussed now, not for the sake of stressing the imperfections of a competitive system but in ord er to contrast certain features of the chain-store system.The ideal distribution system would bridge the facing pages between production and consumption with maximum efficiency at minimum cost. Without any question, the outstanding(a) inherent defect of the old wholesaler-retailer system lay in the fact that, under it, the wholesale function and the retail function are performed by separate, independent factors, whereas, under the chain-store system, the two functions are, to a major extent, combined.In no sense does the chain-store system eliminate the wholesale function it still has to be performed, but, whereas under the old system the wholesaler exercised no control everywhere his retail outlets nor did the retailer have any control over his sources of supply, under the chain-store system both functions are performed by the same organization and the control is unified. That this basic variance between the two systems has been partly nullified by the development of voluntary c hains of various kinds is true. nevertheless the fact remains that such organizations did not come prominently into the picture until the chains had established themselves on a firm basis. When the chains were making their greatest strides, the old wholesaler-retailer set-up provided their principal competition. Reduced to its simplest terms, the main result of the essential difference between the two systems lies in the fact that under the old plan it is requisite for the wholesaler to sell to the retailer before the merchandise can find its way into consumption.Under the chain-store system, this intervene selling process, with all told its disadvantages, is obviated. (Lebhar 1963, 87- 88) In 1981, standards for shipping containers were adopted these facilitated the extension of the UPC into the emerging supply chain processes then appearing in both manufacturing and retailing industries. One of the reasons that the UPC had to spread grew out of the fact that not all goods sold i n grocery stores were food they included health and beauty aids, household cleaners, and so forth, which came from other industries.To take full advantage of the technology, the Grocery Industry wanted others to adopt the symbol as well. During the eighties and 1990s, that was what happened. (Cortada 2004, 299) a. Keywords ? GDP = the growth development project is one of the most important factors in determining the standing of the country in terms of their frugal inflation. ? e-buisness = is one of the most popular business internet securities industry the products here are quite fast in the presentation to the client or so called the customer. ? fortune of UK GDP = this is something to do with the computation of the GDP of UK.This will reveal the trends of the UK if the economic inflation will come to or ascent. ? Linear regression= is the model that will suit in some computation for economic studies. This will also lead the person to identify the trends of the business to t he market place. b. Basic Definitions and Terms The adjacent terms were formulated for more understanding ? Business to business (B2B) = It refers to the business situation and ? Inflation = This style that .. ? Information technology = This refers to .. c. Primary Sources d. Map out Important Areas e. Originality f. Review Conclusion.

Performance Enhacing Drugs in Sports Essay Example for Free

Performance Enhacing Drugs in Sports EssayPerformance enhancing drugs should non be allowed in sports. As plain and simple as my opening sentence reads and I totally believe in the theory. The theory that not only are the drugs un-healthy in pro ampleed hire, notwithstanding the fact that it allows for an unfair return over other defenders who are competing legitimately, and is 110% cheating. This besides gives the callowness a positive idea if they stick out their piece models take enhancers, leading them on to think that these drugs are okay to partake in. Legitimate argument should be taken very seriously, with the attitude of fair play and gracious defeat. Just as if a card player could see their opponents cards, so is the unfair advantage that is caused by victimisation these performance enhancing drugs. There is a great deal of preparation that goes into the competitors before they compete in a match of their choice.Some people train all their lives merely to b e able to compete in an howevert, let alone win. To throw an opponent in the ring that put in less motion for the results shown is an unfair advantage on its own. But facing someone who has trained all their lives, and you who have just done adequate training on top of the drug usage is not only unfair, but it is cheating. If you cant compete legitimately then there is not much point in competing at all. If you cannot play a sport in which you are paid more than enough money to play without using enhancers you should not be allowed to play. Besides the issue of unfair advantage there are also health and social issues. Not only do sportsmen hurt themselves undergoing artificial treatment for both their consistence and mind, but they also hurt society. When players take part in drugs, they are not thinking of the long term effects of what they are injecting into their bodies. For example, when athletes take anabolic-steroids, they are putting themselves at risk for dehydration, dig estive disorders, and dependency to the steroid itself(Ray) As sports is a big part of our culture and the famous players are also role models for our youth this act sets an awful example.Athletes such as hometown hero Mark McGwire, baseball legend Barry Bonds, and even an Olympic contestant Marion Jones have lead us to believe it was their original skill, but in reality, it was sustain from the drugs.(pharmacytech) If we allow these drugs in sports then even the recreational weekenders would call for steroid use, thus leading the youth of our culture to exposure of bad medicine and physically wrong deeds. Morally our culture is against the use of drugs both mind altering and physically negative. However with the current generation of youth who would just like to go to the gym for health reasons or what not, a large majority partake in steroid use. In the United States, near 3 million people use anabolic steroids one in quadruple of these steroid users started as a teenager, an d one out of every 10 is a teenager.(Mayo)These are not even professional athletes and they already have such a high view of steroids and think it is the diffused way out. As a society we have done our best to prevent the use of drugs, but when role models and favorite players are caught participating in steroid use, they think it is okay because they regard nothing more than to be like their role model. But what the youth is not thinking about are the side effects which are just yawned upon, and left for later down the roads of their lives. once and for all I would stress that when a famous athlete injects himself with these substances, he/she also injects the minds of todays youth. I for one heavily believe in role model influence and believe that the role models of today should lead by example, not by how high of rank they can receive.Work citedRay, Linda. livestrong.com. Ed. Julie Mendenhall. N.p., 27 Sept. 2009. Web. 19 Nov. 2012.www.pharmacytechs.com. N.p., 2 Apr. 2010. Web . 20 Nov. 2012.MayoClinic. cnn.com. N.p., 5 Jan. 2007. Web. 20 Nov. 2012.

Radio Control Office Essay Example for Free

radiocommunication run across property essayThe first radio regulatory office was cognise as the Radio Construction and Maintenance arm chthonian the Telegraph section of the Bureau of Posts. This section was charged with the enforcement of radio legal philosophys and regulations, particularly the provisions of number No. 3396, known as the Ship Radio Station Law which was enacted on December 5, 1927. This virtue provides for the inst completelyations of radio obligatory for ships of Philippine register to protect life and property at sea.On November 11, 1931, the Philippine Legislature enacted Act No. 3846, known as the Radio pull strings Law of the Philippines.Section 8 of the law provides that the Secretary of Commerce and Communications is hereby authorized to create a Radio Regulation Section, divergence or Office which shall take charge of carrying out the provisions of this Act and the regulations prescribed by him, to either bureau or office of his surgica l incision, subject to his general inadvertence and control. Thus, the Radio Control particle in the Bureau of Posts was created under the Secretary of Commerce and Communications.In 1939, the Department of National Defense was organized consistent to decision maker Order No. 230. It was realized then that the functions of supervising and regulating the establishment and operation of all radio stations in the country were important to national defense and security. Consequently, the Radio Control Division was transferred to the Department of National Defence.Pursuant to executive director Order No. 94, series of 1947, the Department of Commerce and pains was created. The Radio Control Division was again transferred from the Department of National Defense to the Department of Commerce and Industry. The causal agency for the transfer was that in time of peace, the function of radio regulations was a vital factor in the progress of commerce and industry and in the economic deve lopment of the country.On January 1, 1951, by virtue of the provisions of Executive Order No. 392, the Radio Control visiting card were transferred to the Department of Public Works and Communications. Actually, The Radio Control Division and the Radio Control Board were two distinct agencies with separate functions. The Division was charged with the care and regulation of the establishment and operation of all radio stations in the country. On the other hand, the Board implemented the provisions of the Radio Broadcasting Law, Act No. 3997, regarding the administration of the national radio publicize fund derived from radio receiver registration fees collected by the BIR, and the purchase, distribution, and installation of radio receivers to fourth and 5th class municipalities, municipal districts, barrios and selected g all overnment institutions. In the Department of Public Works and Communications, the Radio Control Division was under the supervision of the Radio Control Boar d.In 1956, R.A. No. 1476 was enacted, abolishing the radio receiver registration fees in effect also abolished the Radio Control Board. The Radio Control Division remained and continued to fuction under the Office of the Secretary of Public Works and Communications.On August 23, 1962, Department Order No. 51 was issued by the Secretary, Department of Public Works and Communications, changing the name of the Radio Control Division to Radio Control Office. As provided in the interconnectedReorganization Plan of 1972, the Radio Control Office was retained and untrue the functions relative to the supervision and enforcement of policies, rules and regulations involving telecommunications. The Office, which was later named on July 1, 1974, as the Telecommunications Control Bureau, was headed by a Director who was assist by an Assistant Director. The Office had four divisions and district offices, the number and locations of which were determined on the basis of demand and effectivenes s of the service.Board of CommunicationsThe Board of Communications, which was created under the Integrated Reorganization law of 1972, was the first quasi-judicial dust with the adjudicatory powers on matters involving telecommunication services. The Board was composed of a regular chairman who was of unquestioned rectitude and recognized prominence in previous public and/or private function and two full-time members who were competent in all aspects of communications, kind of one of whom was a attorney and the other an economist. The Director of the Radio Control Office and a senior representative of the Institute of Mass Communication of the University of the Philippines were made ex-oficio members. It may be noted that the regular members of the board were experts on telecommunications. The Chairman must have previous employment on telecommunications, and the other two full-time members must be competent on all aspects of communications, preferably one of whom was a lawye r and the other an economist. The reason for this organizational set-up is aptly stated in theIntegrated Reorganization Plan which states thatSince technical and economic determinants will govern decisions with respect to economic regulation, the expertise relate should be strongly reflected on the composition of the body so that it can adequately review, revise, and decide on proposals and applications.The Board itself must also have the capability to adequately review, revise, and decide on all aspects under its coverage from both technical and economic points of view. Knowledge of the economic consideration involved must be coupled with the ability to distinguish, detect, and resolve possible conflicts with the corresponding technical considerations.The Board of Communications was attached to the Department of Public Works, transportation system and Communications for administrative supervision. According to the IRP, the DPWTC was in form possession of facts and situational ap praisals inherent in its role in the fields of communications. Adjudicative Boards operating under its umbrella would thus have direct access to the substantive bases for decision.The National Telecommunications bursting chargeBy virtue of Executive Order No. 546 date July 23, 1979, the Telecommunications Control Bureau and the Board of Communications were abolished and have been integrated into a single entity now known as the National Telecommunications Commission. It is composed of a Commissioner and twoDeputy Commissioners, preferably one of whom is a lawyer and another an economist. The Commissioner and Deputy Commissioners should be of unquestioned integrity, proven competence, and recognized experts in their fields, related as practically as possible to communications.The integration of the TCB and BOC into a single entity has for its purpose the effective and unified control and supervision of communications facilities and services.Executive Order No. 546 has also created the Ministry of Transportation and Communications which has administrative jurisdiction over the National Telecommunications Commission.Pursuant to Executive Order No. 125 as amended by Executive Order No. 125-A dated April 13, 1987, the National Telecommunications Commission is now an attached agency of the Department of Transportation and Communications (Sec.14).The Philippines National Telecommunications Commission (Filipino Pambansang Komisyon sa Telekomunikasyon), abbreviated as NTC, is an agency of the Philippine government under the Commission on Information and Communications Technology responsible for the supervision, adjudication and control over all telecommunications services throughout the Philippines.

Poetry and science enjoy equal success in expanding human knowledge Essay Example for Free

Poe turn in and cognition enjoy equal success in expanding benignant cognition EssayBefore answering whether twain verse line and acquirement enjoy equal success in expanding merciful fellowship, atomic number 53 must locate-back understand what poetry and science are and what they do. Poetry is an artists trend of abstractly conveying his or her ideas d oneness writing so as to stimulate the emotional grimace of the readers. Science on the other hand, is an physical object way of clearly stating facts so as to stimulate the formal or fact craving side of the readers. Poetry presents an object in order to convey a particular message or feeling, whilst science merely presents an object objectively and describes how it is, clearly, in every way possible. Therefore, it is clear that the declare oneself of these two approaches is sooner contrasting. Furthermore, the ways of knowing in poetry and science are somewhat different. Poetrys ways of knowing are mainly emo tion and language, speckle sciences are mainly language and reason. However, although they have language in common, both of them utilize language in different ways and for different purposes.As is obvious from above, both approaches engineer to expand two alone different parts of human knowledge. Poetry aims to expand the aesthetic while science the scientific. Therefore, they cannot be assessed on their ability to expand human knowledge based on the said(prenominal) criteria but rather, they should both be assessed based on individual criteria in their own particular areas of knowledge and indeed compared after being assessed. Assessing them based on the same criteria would much be like canvass a desert with a main course, which would be wrong since they both have different purposes and, although the sweetness may not be good at achieving the purpose of the main dish, it could well be slight at achieving the purposes of a dessert.Since poetry tries to touch the readers emo tional side aesthetically it must be scrutinized as an art. The purpose of art is to aesthetically touch an emotion which all mint supposedly have. Through techniques specific to each art, good artists are able to do this, and this in itself is an expansion of human knowledge in that it causes people to be aware of their emotions. Humans have to turn to poetry to interpret life for us, to solace us, to sustain us. (Matthew Arnold, The Study of Poetry) The purpose of Shakespeares Macbeth is not to scientifically understand how want can conquer one, nor is it meant to be a historical recount of the real Macbeth. It is a poetic story which is written so as people can empathize with the main characters and view their own life in terms of hold in their faults and sustaining their good.Another purpose of poetry is to represent human reputation. This can clearly be seen through every of Roberts Frosts poems such as Out, Out which explains, better than any scientific paper ever could, the ability of a child to address so much about his desire to work and help society, and the lack of care his family experiences when he dies.Poetry presents human characteristics, the human thought, the human inner self, all compact into one write and it is so powerful because when read, one immediately connects with it, and it touches each persons emotions in a way. Also, it so vividly hand overs the nature of humans that it is a powerful tool through which people can express themselves, and in which people can relate to. It expands our knowledge of human nature and the way humans behave and the power of emotions and their make on us. In Shakespeares Macbeth when Lady Macbeth asks the evil spirits to unsex me Lady Macbeth here one feels the evil powers of ambition and its ability to overtake ones sane and rational thought.On the other hand sciences purpose is to clearly depict a situation or object. Science, in no way, should aim to touch the readers emotional side, but rather touch the readers rationality. Although some may argue that science does touch a readers side, it is not the main purpose of the writing, and is rather an effect of extreme love towards and passion for the subject. A scientific argument should not be ambiguous or differ from reader to reader, unlike poetry. There is no way for a scientific argument to be accepted to some people and false to others, for in science there is an arbitrary truth which the scientists are trying to attain. Although many may argue that poets are also aiming to achieve this impregnable truth, it must be noted that each persons emotions are different and therefore there is no way to absolutely describe the way people think, react or behave. Biology, chemistry and physics have set laws and truths which, regardless of who or where you are, will be true. If the purpose of poetry is, as we said, to depict human nature, then the purpose of science is to understand nature itself and how it works.When writing a piece the author must nominate a balance amidst ambiguity and precision and the language of a piece is directly dependant on the purpose of the piece. Poetry and science are completely opposite in the way that they try to balance ambiguity and precision. In poetry the ability to ambiguously use newsworthinesss is good since it allows one to think abstractly and allows different readers, with different mindsets, to interpret the piece in different ways. Therefore, in the graphic symbol of poetry language, as a way of knowing, is created to be ambiguous so as to contribute to the knowledge and effect of the piece. On the other hand, in science ambiguity greatly impedes a work.It is not pleasant for a law or theory in science to be indirect and not addressing one specific point clearly.. Otherwise the law becomes obsolete, since if it is not understandable it has no purpose. There is no distance in science for different interpretations of a law the law has one purpose that it ac hieves and that purpose is set. It is not different for different people, or different nations, or different cultures. In the sense of multiple meanings, distant to poetrys double entendres, scienctific writing cannot have any the one meaning the author desires to portray must be directly stated so as to disallow ambiguity and interpretation. For example, water being comprised of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom is true independent if one is in the United States, Russia, or Australia.Also, it is true independent of ones age, race, background, nationality, religion, or any other factor which may change from person to person. However, poetry is instead the opposite. Poetry should be, and is, interpreted differently by different people. The meaning or truth behind poetry is fully dependant on all the factors listed above. An old person may have a completely different understanding of words in poems such as George Herberts The Pulley the double meaning of the word rest which ca n either mean the remainder or it can mean peace. The great going away between these two interpretations leaves the reader with the final choice to interpret the poem the way he/she wants and this is the draped of the poet. However, in science it is the intent of the scientist to clearly illustrate his/her point without any ambiguity as in science clarity is essential.In conclusion, it can be seen that poetry and science have completely different purposes and different means of attaining these purposes. Furthermore, each of these specific areas of knowledge means to expand different types of knowledge and reach to different ways of knowing. However, one must realize that it is essential to have a balance between the scientific or factual knowledge, and the poetic/aesthetic knowledge or the emotional understanding of human nature. Therefore, in these terms science successfully expands its portion of human knowledge successfully expands its. Therefore, it can be concluded that each area of knowledge has equal success in expanding knowledge in its several(prenominal) area.In science one tries to tell people, in such a way as to be understood by everyone, something that no one ever knew before. But in poetry its the exact opposite.(P A M Dirac) Do both the approaches suggested in the quotation enjoy equal success in expanding human knowledge?

Tyranny of Teams Essay Example for Free

Tyranny of Teams EssaySome alternate perspectives on police squad behaviour elucidate the ways in which the prevailing paradigm ultimately hinders groups and tyrannizes the various(prenominal) team member mdash by camouflaging coercion and conflict with the appearance of consultation and cohesion. Examination of the limits and effects of the political theory forget the basis for an alternative understanding of the strengths, constraints and complexities of group survey. Introduction Teams in various forms shit become ubiquitous ways of working.As task forces, committees, work groups and quality circles, they ar used to provide leading, accomplish research, maximize creativity and operationalize structural flexibility (Peters and Waterman 1982 Payne The 1988) . prescriptions of oftentimes contemporary management thinking are base on a dominant ideology of teamwork. While teams have been narrowly construed as a hawkshaw of the Organization Development Model, the ideol ogy is much more pervasive.Teams are embraced as tools of diverse models of organizational domesticate from organization development (Dunphy 1976) to work restructuring (Poza and Markus 1980), from quality management to industrial democracy and from corporate culture and Nipponese management approaches to complex contingency prescriptions. 611 Beliefs about the benefits of teams occupy a central and unquestioned place in organizational reform. It is all the more surprising that, despite some differences in context, the team ideology has been espoused with such(prenominal) consistency.The hegemony of this ideology has been supported by researchers who offer the team as a tantalizingly simple antecedent to some of the intracDownloaded from http//oss. sagepub. com at Massey University Library on June 28, 2010 612 problems of organizational life. Teams appear to satisfy everything individual needs (for sociability, self-actualization, participative management), organizational needs (for productivity, organizational development, effectiveness) and even societys needs for alleviating the malaise of alienation and other by-products of new-fangled industrial society (Johnson and Johnson 1987).However, do work groups deserve the status they have acquired as multipurpose panaceas for organizational problems? As has been powerfully argued in organizational analysis (Burrell and Morgan 1979 Astley and Van de Ven 1983 Reed 1985 Alvesson 1987), the dominance of a peculiar(a) paradigm has substantial costs in the institutionalization of table at once mechanisms of control. The purpose of this article is to stock-take the ideological basis of the prevailing team paradigm.Four sets of assumptions which underpin the ideology are identified 1. narrowly conceived definitions of work groups and group work are based on the assumption that mature teams are task-oriented, and have successfully minimized corruption by other group impulses. 2. It is an individual motivation for mula and a unitary view of organizations which assumes confluence, not conflict, between individual, group and organizational goals (Burrell and Morgan 1979 204). 3.Simplistic views of the superiority of participative leaders are held. 4. The views are also held that power, conflict and emotion are subversive forces which divert groups from work. Research from some alternative critical, psychoanalytic and other perspectives is used to suggest some areas in which the paradigm requires overhaul. A premise of this idea is that teams can contribute to getting work of all kinds done, but not when their application is informed by a narrow framework that nurtures inappropriate expectations.Further, and more critically, the team ideology embraced by these assumptions tyrannizes because, under the measure of benefits to all, teams are frequently used to camouflage coercion under the pretence of maintaining cohesion conceal conflict under the guise of consensus convert conformity into a sem blance of creativity give unilateral decisions a co-determinist seal of approval delay action in the supposed interests of consultation legitimize lack of leadership and disguise expedient arguments and personal agendas.Definitions of Teams and Group Work theorists have defined a team as a distinctive class of which is more task-oriented than other groups, and which has a set group, of obvious rules and rewards for its members (Adair 1986). According to this view, high-performing teams tack collective goals and an inter- Management Downloaded from http//oss. sagepub. com at Massey University Library on June 28, 2010 613 est in the task at hand for individual agendas and inter-personal conflicts.Group theorists have noted the parallels between therapeutic groups and other types of work groups (Foulkes 1964 110). However, the emphasis of team ideology on the task-orientation of teams has tended to idealize and resist recognizing that groups with a task still experience anti-task beha viour, and indeed have much in common with other types of groups. Seeking to understand both individual and group work, researchers have, on the whole, been long by the search for discrete or measurable outputs of work. Work has many forms.Some definitions of individual public presentation and effectiveness in administrative and managerial (Likert 1967 Sorenson 1971) with creativity and innovation in research or scientific contexts (Gordon 1961 Sch6n 1963), yet such experimental measures often seem to bear little resemblance to individual experiences of work (Terkel 1974) . Efforts to define group work by researchers in the team ideology tradition have produced a range of measures referring either to the output or to the quality of group process.

Analysis of Hydrated copper sulphate Essay Example for Free

Analysis of Hydrated copper sulphate Essay mien To determine the groincular formula of hydrated copper sulfate.Requirements Hydrous copper sulfateElectronic poiseEvaporating dishGlass rodTripod standBunsen burnerCrucibleProcedure First I weighed 3g of hydrated copper sulfate on electronic balance and began heating it in an evaporating dish on treetop of a Bunsen burner. After the reaction was complete I heedful the new weight to divulge a change in multitude.Qualitative data After the reaction was complete, the colour changed from blue to flannel due to a loss of body of water crystals. Faint green tinge became evident and fine whitened powder was formed from crystals. Continued heating led to formation of oliver green colour.Quantitative data accredited weight of hydrous copper sulfate 3gError in electronic balance 0.001g (provided by the teacher) information collection Trial 11.96gTrial 21.87gTrial 31.94gData Processing To background the faultings I conducted thr ee trials and averaged the readings to find a more accurate answer.= 1.93 g 0.001Change in band = (3 0.001) (1.93 0.001)= 1.07 0.002The change in mass was due to the loss of water crystals. Water (H20) has a molar mass of 18g. Therefore the change in mass must be equal to the mass of water correspond in copper sulfate.No of moles of water evaporated = = 0.059 0.002molesThe molar mass of anhydrous copper sulfate is 159.6g.No of moles of = = 0.012 0.001molesIn the equation I took the no of moles of water as x because it is unknown.CuSO4.xH20 CuSO4 + xH2OAccording to the equation the mole ratio between copper sulfate and water is 1 x. Therefore 1x = 0.012 0.001 0.059 0.002x = = 4.9 0.588Conclusion Hence the x value can be rounded off to 5 to reap an integer answer. This means that in 1 molecule of hydrous copper sulfate there be 5 atoms of water present as crystals. The result is also equal to the literature value which was provided by the teacher and there seems to be n o deviation because the answers are taken as integer and tenfold points are excluded. The only systematic erroneousness present was in electronic balance. Moreover random error could have been caused during heating of the salt i.e. overheating or underheating. This error depends on the sight of colour change, because this is a very hard random error to eliminate.Evaluation As the answer is taken as integer, there seems to be zero error however lock in a lot of errors are viable while conducting this experiment. During the heating of hydrous copper sulfate there maybe some water crystals still left due to inappropriate stirring and overheated or underheated salts could have also caused error. Main error which is inevitable is the hydration of crystals after being heated. The reaction is reversible and the after heating there could have been water vapour in the air which could have combined with the salt. Hence these can also lead to deviations in results. To improve upon these er rors we must make sure that after the salt is heated, its weight must be measured immediately so that there is very less time gap between it. Furthermore right(a) stirring and care taken during heating can also minimize errors.

Perception of the African American Males Essay Example for Free

Perception of the African American Males rise

BMG entertainment Essay Example for Free

BMG entertainment EssayStrengths*First major(ip) record say to pass water websites branded towards different harmony genres.First major record label to use downloading technology to promote sales of CDs and cassettes.*Merged with AOLAOL has the largest internet service provider in the industry.*BMG was the largest practice of medicine club in the world, and arguably the leader of the five major labels.*BMG set up a serial publication of websites dedicated to specific genres of music. These sites linked fans to the artists websites, where they could download or purchase CDs. (Another innovative move from BMG)Weaknesses* Through sites standardized CDNow and Amazon.com customers had the option of having CDs or cassettes mailed to them. Consumers may not want to deal with downloading music from the net. They may sound stick with what they have. Many sites had illegal downloads, so the conventional consumer may not want to bother with this impertinently type of technology.* Although BMG was the send-off company to create branded websites for specific music genres, they only foc apply on promotional aspects here, rather than foc use on selling music and in turn making money.Opportunities* The innovativeness and newness of the digital era could spark a surge ofconsumer interest in the music industry. For instance, the CD had a openhanded impact on industry revenue owners of tapes simply replaced their collections with CDs.* BMG is arguably the leader in the music industry, and thence has the influence to manage its existing customers with them into the digital mp3 era.* BMG had close relationships with all the players knotted in setting tech standards for downloadable music. This could give BMG the heads up on newest technology, and an advantage for market entry.* If BMG begins to sell music on the internet, they can bowdlerize their costs greatly by doing away with distribution and manufacturing expenses.Threats* -In 1929 the new technology of rad io posed a serious threat to the music industry. Could a similar event take place with Digital music, where BMG loses a lot of money due to a decrease in CD and cassette sales?* -Time Warner had one of the or so advanced cable systems in the US. They were experimenting with services such as video on demand and HD TV so the possibility of digital music was definitely there for TW, and they had the internet resources to distribute it too.* -Would conventional music buyers want to go through the hassle of joining a website, installing a media player, and then buying additional softw ar to play the music at their convenience?* -With a 56K modem (one that many still used 7 years ago), a song took roughly 7 minutes to download. Ten songs can take 70 minutes, and that is not appealing or convincing enough for conventional consumers to switch over to mp3s usage.* -Sonys Kiosks in retail music stores posed a threat for BMG. These kiosksallowed customers to choose from a variety of over 4,00 0 songs, and create their own CD within 15 minutes.Attacking Piracy at the Source- the CDsIn order to labialise piracy, record labels must start at the source. Nearly all of the music traded on the Internet before comes from CDs, which can be easily copied, or ripped, onto any computer as MP3 digital audio deposits. some analysts point to CDs as the biggest hole in the music industrys strategy for aiding online piracy. The recording industry wants to make it harder for consumers to right off copy CDs, but it faces enormous hurdles. First, any barriers to copying must be backwards compatiblemeaning the new technologies would have to work on old CD players that dont screen for pirated material, and vice versa.Eventually, the group SDMI was formed, consisting of all the major players involved in setting the technological standards for downloading music.(ATT, Microsoft, Liquid Audio, IBM, etc) SDMIs efforts have focused on installing digital watermarks on CD tracks that would enabl e copyright holders to trace illegal copies and to create devices that would refuse to play copied tracks. In its first phase, SDMI selected a watermark system created by Verance Technologies as the global standard.Future record releases for BMG- Copy Management.It is the destroy labels responsibility to protect the work of their artists. Copy management technology is one of several responses to illegal file sharing and mass copying, which has had a detrimental effect on the music industry (unit shipments have go 26% from 1.16 billion units in 1999 to 860 million units last year).There are a few features that are new to this type of technologyDevice playability- These discs play just uniform an enhanced CD. Certain products tardily tested had playability issues with videodisc players, carstereos and game consoles, yet these discs play on nearly all DVD players, car stereos, etc. Anywhere an enhanced CD will play, these discs will play.Mac playability The discs can in a flash b e played on a Mac like any other CD.Voluntary embodied Licensing- Music Industry and the InternetMany Record Labels have spent countless amounts of time evaluating alternatives that would buckle under artists while making file sharing legal. One solution that has emerged as the favorite is voluntary incorporated licensing. The concept is simple the music industry forms a collecting society which then offers file-sharing music fans the opportunity to get legit in exchange for a reasonable regular payment, for example $5 per month.So yen as they pay, the fans are free to keep doing what they are going to do anywayshare the music they love using whatever software they like on whatever computer platform they preferwithout fear of lawsuits. The money poised gets divided among rights-holders based on the popularity of their music. In exchange, file-sharing music fans would be free to download whatever they like using whatever software works best for them. The more people share, the m ore money goes to rights-holders.

Madame Bovary And The Death Of Ivan Ilych Essay Example for Free

Madame Bovary And The oddment Of Ivan Ilych EssayWhat is the reputation of humanity? Gustave Flauberts Madame Bovary and Leo Tolstoys The Death of Ivan Ilych portray non tho a glimpse of what mans nature is, just if also in so doing translate a criticism of it. Both works look into the manner of people who want more emerge of demeanor, and yet ironic entirely toldy what they desire only adds sh eachowness and not meaning to their existence. Whereas Flauberts Madam Bovary shows the depressing end of a cleaning woman consumed by passions, Tolstoy gives hope with a dying mans demise days where he gets an epiphany of what the nature of man should be. Emma is Madame Bovary, a young woman who lived in her gentleman of quixotic fantasy. She came from the country and read romantic novels when she was in the convent, and believed in earnest that love and marriage will depict her happy. But after marrying a simple-minded and incompetent doctor Charles, she grows disillus ioned as she sinks in the routine activities of daily conduct. She wanted squelch, passion, excitement, and although her economise loves her and adores her, she wanted more.She wanted the latest trends in fashion and she felt that she was born(p) un salutaryly to a lower class than was supposed to be for her, the aristocrat. But Emma does nothing to earn the wonder or the respect of the people she admired she lavatory copy their outward mannerism and clothes, provided she does not subscribe to the refinement or the manners to be unfeignedly aristocratic. She merely believes in her fantasy world where the aristocrats live in luxury and a sprightliness of excitement. She was ambitious, entirely did not have any authority to acquire her material cravings scarce for using her beauty and body.She gets into extramarital affairs because she finds her married life dull, purge when she gives birth to a miss. She does not take cargon of her daughter because she wanted a boy, an d instead romps finish up with Rodolphe Boulanger, and does not care what early(a) people say. She is oftenmultiplication indiscreet and cares not of her reputation or her husbands. Emma is self-centered and she had a sense of entitlement and superiority which had no basis but drove her to act without a thought to the consequences of her actions.She is, in a way, perpetually likening herself to performing a role that sparks her imagination at the moment a young woman being married to a foreign doctor, a shopping centre class with a nobles spirit, a bored wife having an affair, a lover, a woman of rich tastes. She could not accept that her receivedity was the norm and that her fantasies were exaggerated, dramatic ideals. When she was young she wanted the resembling womanise she read in her romantic novels. When she became exposed to the high fiat at the ball she wanted to run short like them.When she saw the melodramatic opera Lucia de Lammemoor she adopts the character and like her commits suicide. She drove herself to debt by buying costly items which she nearly cartridge clips gave as gifts to her lovers even when she had no means of paying for these in the first place. She signed promissory notes even when she did not understand them because the merchant Lheureux played with her fantasy that she was meant for the finest things in life. When her first lover leaves her, she is agitated and falls gravely ill.With her second affair she acts as the man, covering the costs for the affair and taking betoken of where, when, and how they will meet. Her debts pile up as she purchases more and more to fill the gaping hole in her being. She believed she needed passion and excitement, but it seems that what she really needed was purpose and direction, for her life held no meaning. Her innocent aspiration towards romance is transformed into full blown moral corruption as she was unable to hold herself unneurotic and keep her urges and desires under contro l.Emma is not productive, she has no desire to improve herself or her skills, and she does not nurture her relationships with her husband, her daughter, not even with her lovers. She just saw them as means of escape from her dull life, and when they fall short of her expectations she just drops them. When the consequences of her actions finally catch up on her and her world becomes smaller and smaller, she decides to play a role that of a tragic heroine and kills herself with swallowing arsenic.She could not face up to the trouble that she has caused and decides to escape rather than take responsibility as she could not imagine a life of poverty and shame although her whole life she was never smashed and she lived a scandalous life with her known affairs. Up until then she saw her life differently believed she had wealth, pride and breeding because that was what she wanted, but sadly these did not bring her the happiness she sought. Emma had a good life but was not able to appre ciate it with her preoccupation with the things she did not have.By focusing her energies on her fantasies of wealth and romance she failed to live her life to the fullest, and for the most(prenominal) part it could be said that she was living in a reverie and when she woke to find herself in the gravity of her real life situation, she killed herself to escape, but there was no going hazard to her fantasy world, and no redemption as even after her death her husband discovers her infidelity which kills him and her daughter sent off to work on a cotton mill.In her, we see the nature of man as ruled by emotions, desires and appetites, without caution or control, without compassion to others. Emma was not able to see and agnize the humanity in her, all the time she was acting out, even her motherly functions, her martyr facade. She never truly enjoyed life because she never saw anything and anyone beyond their appearances, and never learned to appreciate the little things that make life worthwhile.The theme of life and death is also examined in Leo Tolstoys The Death of Ivan Ilych, where he uses the characters to criticism the unsubstantial life that people live in society characterized by materialism and shallowness. Tolstoy puts forward a picture of society with striking honesty and insight individuals do not behave as individuals but rather aspire to be like everybody else, trying to live a correct life as appropriated by norms, striving to have a comfortable life accentuated with material wealth even if their uncanny life and human relationships are dry and empty.With his narrative, Tolstoy then poses the question of what is important in life, how life should be led, and ultimately, how important life is and how people take it for granted by deluding themselves into believing they are exempt from death. to the highest degree of the characters in the report are portrayed as materialistic social climbers, who equated material wealth and agency in socie ty as determinants of success and happiness. Ivan, his wife and daughter, his supposed friends, all troubled themselves with appearances they were preoccupied with comme il faut decorum and attires, of looking well off, of having power over others.But these are all temporal, for these things do not really matter in the face of death. Ivan finds out that what is important is living ones life according to ones own vindication, not blindly following trends in society which results in a shallow, routine, meaningless life. He belatedly understood that empathy and recognizing the individual as an individual with thoughts and emotions rather than as subjects with mere faces is what mattered in life, that to live humanly is what gives life its meaning.Only Gerasim and his son are the ones in the story that have empathy and humanity in them in Gerasim it is made obvious by his understanding that everybody, regardless of postal service or appearance, are all equal, with the same fate wait ing for them in the end, especially when he said, We shall all of us collapse, so why should I grudge a little trouble? . The son, on the other hand, is the only one in Ivan household who showed any feelings for his dying father he took his fathers hand and kissed it while crying. This can be taken as the boy was young he was close up innocent and not yet tainted with the demands of society.Ivan himself was dissatisfied with the boy because he behaved differently from him, his wife and daughter, but in his last days it was his son who showed him that there is a human soul in the world who regarded his life important. Also, this depiction of the innocence in childhood is mirrored in Ivans experiences the only times he felt truly alive was when he was a boy, before he went to Law School. beingness assimilated into society, he found that he trapped himself into a prison of standards, and lived a largely artificial life. Tolstoy showed that an artificial life is characterized by mat erialism and social climbing.At the beginning of the story, we find Ivan on the spur of the moment but his friends were primarily concerned with the position that he will be vacating, the promotions and changes in the workplace and what they have to gain from it, all the while denying to themselves that they too will end up like Ivan sooner or later, that they will die eventually. They act as though they could live forever and concern themselves with the trivial everyday things. Even in his wake, his friends put a show of grievance because it was what was required of friends, but were more interested in playing bridge.They did not see the inevitability of death and suffering, of the hollowness of their lives. Peter Ivanovich, Ivans perceived closest friend, someways felt disturbed and concerned, but rushed to quell these feelings because he reasoned he was alive and Ivan dead and there should be no reason to hinder their spending the evening agreeably. When he was be quiet alive, Ivan himself saw how he had lived superficially in the way his doctors treated him, as though he was some subject whose sentence they hold in their pass on, his life holding no real importance or meaning to the doctors.What mattered to the doctors was their perception of themselves that they feel important and significant by virtue of their occupation that is what gave them satisfaction and purpose. Ivan himself acted the same way many times in his life with the accused brought before him he reduced them to facts on paper and did not see them as individuals, he got married for it was expected of a man of his piazza and chose a bride not out of love or devotion but out of the social locating it will benefit him.In the end, the story memorisees that material wealth and position in society are not what matters. In the face of death, one looks back at the quality of life that he has led, and the most precious times would be the ones he felt most alive, when he was free and himself. The Death of Ivan Ilych and Madame Bovary teach us the nature of man as susceptible to fantasies of the happiness that wealth and material possessions can bring, but in reality these are more likely to corrupt us than give us real happiness.The nature of man is that of desire desire to achieve in all aspects of life, and in this man should always apply himself to make himself a better person. However, desire for achievement is different from greed. Achievement should not only be limited to the professional and material aspects of life, but more importantly to the relationships with others. The meaning and purpose of life is not about the material achievement but how well one lived his life. Mans nature reflects that of his society, and society that of man, as the individual is part of the whole and the whole consists of its parts.Both protagonists were deeply influenced by their time and what was regarded as important then. They have let others dictate, influence and take advantage of them, and by not taking responsibility d control over their lives they eventually found themselves in situations they did not dream of. This could have only come up to those who did not examine their actions and the kind of life they lead. Emma and Ivan believed that wealth and material things can bring happiness, but they both ended up dead although here the stories protagonists differ.Whereas Emma subscribes suicide to escape her suffering, Ivan comes to call with his death and accepts it. Although Emmas final act was of her own decision, we cannot say that she was finally taking things in her hands as before that she was always feeling hindered and trapped by her circumstances. She did not have a realisation of what brought down her downfall, even in her final days she did not know what held meaning and not. Her suicide, like all her actions before, was an attempt at escaping reality, and this time she succeeded.Emma was not able to redeem herself, nor was she able to see what would make her life happy, but Ivan was changed and in his last days was able to make sense of his suffering. Tolstoy showed that no matter how tenacious or materialistic a man behaved and lived, there is still hope for him to change as recollective as he lives. That mans innate nature is towards living an authentic life, towards goodness, and that even if society is corrupt and superficial, pure love and humanity also exists, and it is always within us, and also in our capacity, to choose what kind of life to lead.

Hamlets Moral Nature Leads to Death Essay Example for Free

junctures Moral Nature Leads to Death EssayWhile rambling on about vengeance, the monstrous prince Hamlet utters I, his sole son, do this same villain send to heaven. O, this is hire and salary, not penalize or about some act that has no relish of salvation int and so travel him, that his heels may kick at heaven, and that his soul may be as damnd and baleful (3. 3. 77-95). This soliloquy is significant as it shows Hamlets intentions when he must delay his murder purposes to a specific time frame where Claudius is acting corrupt because then the Kings soul result descend into hell. Moral relativism is also evident when the melancholiac prince moans To be, or not to be that is the question whether tis nobler in the mind to suffer To die, to sleep when contemplating life and death (3. 1. 57-61). This unique proclamation further explains why Hamlet is incapable of murder because he is afraid of what lies after death, particularly hell and purgatory. For these reasons, religio n is a big virtue of Hamlets moral nature leading his incompetence in seeking vengeance on King Claudius.Another unambiguous quality in the Princes moral nature that leads to the toss out of Claudius is cunctation. While in the castle, the insane Dane Hamlet sadly proclaims Thus conscience does make cowards of us all, and indeed the native hue of resolution is sicklied oer with the pale cast of thought, and enterprises of great pitch and moment with this regard their currents second awry, and lose the name of action (3. 1. 84-88). This declamation clarifies Hamlet is troubled by hisover scrupulous conscience which prevents him from at one time avenging his fathers murder.After finishing conversation with the Captain, the impractical prince Hamlet boldly states How all occasions do declargon me against me, and spur my dull revenge What is manO, from this time forth, my thoughts be bloody, or be nothing expenditure when realizing now is the time for him to act (4. 4. 31-65). Hamlet finally recognizes that he has held out his revenge for too foresighted and must act on it after seeing Fortinbras army sacrificing money and men to get derriere a worthless piece of land just for honour. In due course Hamlets procrastination eventually leads to his death in the end.If it is not for the danish Princes moral nature of procrastination, he could have very well avoided death by acting on his deed to his father. Last, the most important moral virtue that the saddened prince portrays is un break updness. When deciding whether or not to fulfill his revenge for his deceased father, Hamlet confidently declares now whether it be, bestial oblivion, or some craven scruple, of thinking too precisely on th event a thought which, quarterd , hath but one part wisdom and ever three move coward I do not know why yet I live to say this things to do ,sith I have cause , and will and strength , and meansto do. 4. 4. 39-44) This decision further describes that Hamlet is in decisive about when he must carry out retribution for his forbearer. Indecisiveness relates to both religion and procrastination qualities as well. Hamlet pronounces I, his sole son, do this same villain send to heaven. O, this is hire and salary, not revenge or about some act that has no relish of salvation int then trip him, that his heels may kick at heaven, and that his soul may be as damnd and black when determining when Claudius should be slain and go to hell (3. . 77-95). Not only religious virtues are apparent but also indecisive traits. Indecisiveness is evident while Hamlet needs to decide at what specific point in time to achieve his goal of retaliation. When speaking to himself in the castle, the melancholic prince sighs Thus conscience does make cowards of us all (3. 1. 84). Even though procrastination is evident in Hamlets speech, indecisiveness can be found as well. Indecisiveness is present in Hamlets speech because he is contemplating on his own life and death.For these examples, indecisiveness is in the Danish Princes moral nature that affects his ability to seek payback for his father. In conclusion, moral relativism, procrastination and indecisiveness are the three vital virtues that insane Prince carries. These traits prove the reoccurring theme that the need for revenge can earn you. Hamlets moral nature is the reason why he is unable to seek vengeance for his father immediately and if the insane Dane had taken action and fulfilled his assassination on Claudius instantly, Prince Hamlets fate would have ended better. Works Cited Shakespeare, William Hamlet.

Present and future of glaxosmithkline pakistan

Present and prox of glaxosmithkline pakistanWe induce a ch solelyenging and inspiring register to improve the reference of human life by enabling tidy sum to do much, smelling stop and live longer. This representation gives us the purpose to bust innovative medicines and products that friend millions of people around the piece.We be nonp atomic number 18il of the few pharmaceutical companies researching both medicines and vaccines for the World Health Organizations triple priority diseases HIV/AIDS, atomic number 65 and malaria, and argon very(prenominal) proud to stimulate learned some of the star worldwide medicines in these fields.Headquartered in the UK and with operations based in the US, we are one of the application leaders, with an estimated seven per cent of the worlds pharmaceutical market. exactly being a leader brings responsibility. This means that we care about the impact that we get hold of on the people and orders touched by our mission to improve wellness around the world.It besides means that we must help exploitation countries where debilitating disease affects millions of people and access to life-changing medicines and vaccines is a enigma. To meet this challenge, we are committed to providing discounted medicines where they are regarded the most.As a conjunction with a firm foundation in science, we have a flair for research and a track record of turning that research into powerful, marketable drugs. Every mo we spend more than 300,000 (US$562,000) to find clean medicines.We produce medicines that treat major disease parts such as asthma, virus control, infections, mental health, diabetes and digestive conditions. In addition, we are a leader in the important area of vaccines and are developing freshly treatments for cancer.KEY FACTS ABOUT GSKEvery secondWe distribute more than 35 doses of vaccineEvery minuteMore than 1,100 ethical drugs are written for GSK productsEvery hourWe spend more than 300,00 0 (US$562,000) to find new medicinesEvery dayMore than 200 million people around the world use a GSK brand toothbrush or toothpasteEvery yearOur factories produce 9 jillion Tums tablets, 6 billion Panadol tablets and 600 million tubes of toothpastePAKISTAN OVERVIEWGlaxoSmithKline Pakistan Limited was establishd on January 1st 2002 through the merger of SmithKline and french of Pakistan Limited, Beecham Pakistan (Private) Limited and Glaxo Wellcome (Pakistan) Limited- standing today as the largest pharmaceutical participation in PakistanAs a leading international pharmaceutical compevery we make a real difference to global healthcare and particular propositionally to the developing world. We trust this is both an ethical imperative and key to channel mastery. Companies that respond sensitively and with consignment by changing their business practices to address such challenges give be the leaders of the future. GSK Pakistan operates importantly in ii industry segments Phar maceuticals (prescription drugs and vaccines) and consumer healthcare (over-the-counter- medicines, oral care and nutritional care).GSK leads the industry in assess, volume and prescription market shares. We are proud of our consistency and stability in sales, profits and ingathering. Some of our key brands ack instanterledge Augmentin, Panadol, Seretide, Betnovate, Zantac and Calpol in medicine and renowned consumer healthcare brands include Horlicks, Aquafresh, Macleans and ENO.In addition, GSK is deeply involved with our communities and admit various Corporate Social Responsibility initiatives including working with the case Commission for Human Development (NCHD) for whom we were one of the largest corporate donors. We consider it our responsibility to nurture the environment we operate in and persevere to extend our rear to our fellowship in every possible way. GSK participates in year round charitable activities which include organizing aesculapian camps, brave outin g well-being organizations and donating to/sponsoring various developmental concerns and hospitals. Furthermore, GSK maintains strong partnerships with non-government organizations such as Concern for Children, which is also super involved in the design, implementation and replication of models for the endureable development of children with specific emphasis on prime healthcare and education.GSK PAKISTANUK(HQ)CEOM. SALMANTECHNICAL DIRECTORDR. MUZAFFAR IQBALDIRECTOR MEDICAL SERVICESDR. ATIF MIRZADIRECTOR MARKETING AND telephone line DEVELOPMENTMS. ERUMDIRECTOR FINANCE, IT, AND LOGISTICSDR. JAWEDHEAD OF HR AND ODMS. FARIHADIRECTOR SALESMR. PERVAIZ, MR. MAQBOOLDIRECTOR LEGAL AND REGULATORY affairsMR. SHAHID MUSTAFA QURESHIHEAD OF QUALITY MR. Z.U KHANHEAD OF PROCUREMENTMR. HAJI MUHAMMAD HANIFDOTTED LINE REPORTING property Assurance, procurement and HR reports to technical director Muzaffar Iqbal.SOLID LINE REPORTINGQuality Assurance, procurement and HR reports to UK.MERGER AND ACQ UISITIONS OF GLAXO COMPANYIn 1957 Glaxo started working in Pakistan.than in 1996 glaxo merged with Wellcome and became GlaxoWellcome.in year 2002 Wellcome acquired SmithKline French and beecham and comp some(prenominal) became GlaxoSmithKline.2 months back GSK has acquired the branded generics business of Bristol Myers Squibb (BMS) in Lebanon, Jordan, Syria, Libya and Yemen and also acquired Sirtris pharmaceuticals.PRODUCTSLeading products Augmentin Amoxil Panadol albuterol Ampiclox Betnovate Calpol Zantac SeptranVaccines include Engerix Typherix Infanrix Mencevax Fluarix Havrix Varilrix Hiberix Tritanrix PriorixTooth pastes includeMcleansSensodyneSTAKEHOLDERS OF GSKA stakeholder is best subtendd as a person, group or organization that has direct or indirect stake in an organization because it can affect or be affected by the organizations actions, objectives, and policiesThe major stakeholders includeEmployeesCommunitiesShareholdersInvestorsGovernmentSuppliersLabor UnionsGov ernment regulatory Agencies labor Trade GroupsNGOsProspective employeesProspective customersLocal communitiesPublic (Community)CompetitorsThe relationship they have with a wide outrank of other organizations is an important part of their business. GSK has a number of policies and initiatives that enable us to work effectively with these stakeholders.STAKEHOLDER CONFLICTSGSK do not face conflicts with stakeholder but there are two operating units where conflicts usually arises they are moneymaking(prenominal) unit Global manufacturing and returnCommercial unit includes sales and marketing whereas global manufacturing and supply includes design department and quality assurance.Sales department frequently demands more supply from the manufacturing department which is main problem between the two heads because often the demand is much higher while the employees are less. So at that time often the conflicts occur. Commercial unit is the one who directly faces the customers both the d epartments have to report illuminate heads.EVALUATION OF EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCEAt GSK employee performance is evaluated at the end of the year. They develop a final cause cognize as performance and development plan (PDP) in which each employee sets two objectivesHard core objectives come up-to-do core objectivesHard core objectives are the targets that the employee has to achieve till the end of the year.Soft core objectives are based on the 12 high performance behaviors.Outstanding achievements of employees in any of 12 proud Performance Behaviors stomach the continual success as individuals and collectively as an organization.High Performance Behaviors training SearchCreating Business Solutionscompromising ThinkingInfluenceBuilding ConfidenceCommunicationBuilding RelationshipsTeamwork under actual plurality transform Drive ChangeContinuous ImprovementCustomer FocusGSK Spirit provides employees with an fortune to recognize or be recognized for outstanding achievement where Top Achievers can receive strong monetary awards for both individual and team achievements.For each role, in addition to relevant experience and qualifications, GSKA is aspect for employees that can demonstrate the attributes of our High Performance Behaviors.Innovative ThinkingInformation searchCreating business solutionsFlexible thinkingCollectively describes how to collect and share relevant information which helps GSK people to form new ideas and take innovative options whilst taking into account the complexity of the context in which we operate. It maximizes the chances of creating and sustaining increased performance for GSK.Achieving ExcellenceEnable and drive changeContinuous improvementCustomer strainDescribes the ways in which unendingly better performance by keeping focused on ways of achieving GSKs goals and delighting the customers. This ability to deliver performance levels beyond expectations distinguishes us from competitors.Leading PeopleInfluenceBuilding confi denceCommunicationDescribes how benignant and inspiring others to boob the ideas by communicating effectively. It passs in generation of shared and collective belief in GSKs future success.spicy and developing othersBuilding relationshipsTeam workDeveloping peopleDescribes ways in which GSK can develop open, trusting and collaborative relationships with a diverse mix of people both across and outside GSK, and find that these relationships develop collective capability to perform better. Through engaging each other and truly working together we will grow and enrich GSKs potential.After developing the objectives each employee discusses it with the manager and after agreeing the plan is signed by the manager and the employee. Midyear brushup of the plan is also done to check whether the plan is firing on the track.EMPLOYEE MOTIVATIONRewards RecognitionGSKs remuneration and reward programs are competitive with some of the best companies at heart and across our industry. Superio r performance is recognized with both financial and non-financial rewards. Thanking people for a job well done is central to GSKs culture.Performance and rewardGSK reward systems support high performance and help to collect and retain the best people. Performance-based pay and bonuses, share rewards and share options align employee interests with business targets.Compensation BenefitsGSKA adopts a measure Compensation and Benefits approach in the design of its salary packaging model. This aim to provideOptimum tractablenessChoice andTargeted incentive programs to provide us with the best opportunity to attract and retaining world class employees.incentive Plans are an integral component of the GlaxoSmithKline Total Compensation and Benefits Philosophy. A Long Term Incentive scheme is offered to Senior Managers.Employees are able to participate in the GlaxoSmithKline Australia Employee Share Plan on reaching the eligibility criteria.Employee avail computer programmeGSK values the well being of its employees and, as a result, has made available an Employee Assistance Program to enhance well being, both personally and in the workplace. The Employee Assistance Program provides professional assistance and way for any work related or personal problems. The service is fully confidential and free of charge to employees and their immediate families.Professional DevelopmentGSK recognizes that our people determine the success of the business and we are committed to developing this precious resource. Whatever your role, you will be supported through our Performance Development Planning growth in your efforts to enhance your core capability, performance and ability. You will be assisted to achieve both your shortstop and long term career goals through GSKA talent concern initiatives.Training DevelopmentIn effectuate to reinforce the Performance Development Planning process GSK offers employees the opportunity to participate in a prescribe of external and i nternal development courses as well as offering support for further tertiary Education.Leadership Development ProgramGSK Leaders set the tone for employees experience of GSK as being a place where they are truly valued. GSKA Leaders ensure the organizations business strategy and people practices are aline with the GSK Mission, Strategic Intent and Spirit. This is achieved through the consistent application of our 12 High Performance Behaviors. Furthermore, a suite of high performance leadership development programs, including Foundations of Leadership has been developed to support all people management roles at GSK and will be linked to the recruitment and succession planning of future leaders.talent check up onThe Talent Review process is a component of the GSK Performance Development Planning Program. It is one of GSKs Talent Management initiatives and consists of a series of workshops where GSK Leaders come together as a team to review and discuss their employees performance , development and career aspirations.CHALLENGES FACED BY GSKThe environment in which the Consumer Healthcare business operates has break ever more challengingconsumers are demanding better quality, better value and improved performanceretailers have consolidated and globalised which has strengthened their negotiation powerCycle times for innovation have reduced.The pharmaceutical industry is experiencing a time of unprecedented challenge. Patent expiries, regulatory issues and increased pressures from healthcare providers have unite to create an environment where pharmaceutical domain is associated with lower growth and higher risk.KEY CHALLENGESThe patents on many medicines that have driven sales growth in our industry over the past decade are coming to an end. These medicines may not be replaced by products of equivalent financial size. In addition, there are change magnitude pressures on pharmaceutical companies to deliver products with demonstrable benefits over current trea tments. No longer do we solely have to discover and develop products that help people do more, feel better and live longer. We now have to justify that our products represent the greatest value for healthcare providers.At the same time, the pharmaceutical sector has been exposed to controversy regarding ethical and patient safety issues. As an industry, we are in danger of gnaw what trust we already have when we actually pauperization to be building stronger relationships with governments, regulators and the cosmopolitan public.These factors have combined to move the industry from one which was expected to deliver high growth at low risk, to the very opposite.These challenges are being tackled through three key strategic priorities that will transform GSK into a company that delivers more growth, less risk and an improved financial performance.Three strategic prioritiesIn 2008, the following three strategic priorities were establishedGrow a diversified global businessDeliver more products of valueSimplify the operating modelThese priorities will enable the organization to navigate the coming years successfully and retain the leading-edge position as a company able to meet patients and healthcare providers needs into the future. bristle A DIVERSIFIED GLOBAL BUSINESSGSK is reducing risk by broadening and balancing the portfolio, diversifying into new product areas that show potential, while also fully capturing opportunities for products across all geographic boundaries.Specifically, to generate future sales growth by strengthening core pharmaceuticals business and supplementing it with increased investment in growth areas such as vaccines, biopharmaceuticals and consumer healthcare.GSK is also seeking to unlock the geographic potential of the businesses, particularly in emerge markets and Japan.PLANSDrive growth in the pharmaceutical business in the core marketsDeliver ambitious vaccines omenFulfill the potential of emerging marketsExpand businessGrow the Consumer Healthcare businessDELIVER more PRODUCTS OF VALUEWe are striving to build one of the strongest pipelines in the industry. We are transforming RD to ensure that we not scarce deliver the current pipeline but are also able to sustain a lessen of new products for years to come.As we move towards a more diversified business we will condense on developing a higher volume of mid-size products for more clearly-defined patient populations. This will help develop a lower risk portfolio which is not dependent on the performance of one or two large products. arbitrary steps have already been taken, with 30 late-stage assets currently in our pharmaceuticals and vaccines pipeline. Our objective is to sustain this throughput of products over the long-term.PLANSFocus on the best scienceDiversify through externalizationRe-personalize RDFocus on return on investmentSIMPLIFY THE OPERATING MODELGSK is a complex organization. We recognize that we need to simplify our operating model furthe r, changing the way we work, removing unnecessary processes and structures which slow us down and disarray us from our mission.Our global restructuring programme is a vital catalyst of our strategy. We believe it will radically change our business model giving us the capability to support a more diverse, growing business that is also expected to be more profitable in the long-term.PLANSEvolve the commercial modelRe-shape manufacturingstreamline processesReduce working capitalFor GSK brand pull is already present in the market as it is the 1 pharmaceutical company in the world. It is a most preferred company in toll of prescription by doctors and more than 1,100 prescriptions are written for GSK products every minute.GSK is preferred by doctors only because of their quality standards. GSK has a good quality management system. collective SOCIAL RESPONSIBILTYGSK is considered as one of the most progressive player in the corporate brotherly responsibility. Some of the societal activ ities demanded by GSK are as followsPartnering with the National Commission for Human Development for autochthonic Healthcare ExtensionGSK Pakistan has provided a grant of 144,000 sterling (Rs.12.96 million) to the NCHD Primary Healthcare Extension Program making GSK the largest corporate donor to this cause. The purpose of this grant is to contribute at the grass root level towards healthcare improvement of the Pakistani people. The great thing about the basal healthcare extension program is that it will be implemented in the areas generally recognized as difficult to access, hence often neglected due to harsh terrain, high levels of illiteracy and confined social setups.Concern For Children Trust (CFC)The Concern For Children Trust (CFC) is a non profit, non government trust established in 1997. Their mission is to promote the health and welfare of the Children of Pakistan, paying special attention to preventive and primary healthcare, education, infrastructure, maintenance and support and to create general awareness about various child healthcare issues. The Trust is partially self-sustainable in that, its operational costs are covered by a Trust Fund. SmithKlineFrench to SmithKline and French of Pakistan Limited donated the initial seed money and now GSK Pakistan continues to be the major donor.International Programme for HIV Education Positive Action ProgrammeIt is estimated that more than 36 million adults and children are living with HIV/AIDS with somewhat 15,000 more people being infected each day. Globally, more than 21 million people have died from AIDS, resulting in 13.2 million orphaned children.Positive Action is GSKs international programme of HIV education, care and community support. In this, GSK works in partnership with individuals, community groups, healthcare providers, international agencies and others to encourage HIV ginmill as well as education, care and treatment of people living with, or affected by HIV/AIDS. Since its inception in 1992, positive action supported and implemented a wide transmutation of projects at both national and international levels throughout the world.EARTHQUAKE RELIEFIn this time of need and despair, GSK Pakistan was very quick to respond to the calamity affected areas with Rs. 20 million worth of antibiotics, analgesics and topical anti-bacterial supplies, delivered at heart 24 hours of the disaster having struck. Carefully selected emergency treatment packages were developed by the Crisis Management Team established, and a donation of up to 350,000 doses of Hepatitis A vaccine was given to health authorities to cope with the arising health concerns in the wake of the earthquake. This was all delivered within 24 hours of the disaster due to the urgent medical need.PROGRAMMES AND OPPORTUNITIES TO ENCOURAGE spry EMPLOYEE INVOLVEMENTGSK encourages employees to become involved with deserving causes in their local communities around the globe. GSK support their time and inscription wi th various internal programmes and opportunities to encourage active employee involvement.The PULSE Volunteer Partnership Programme is the newest corporate responsibility initiative. Starting in 2009, PULSE will empower GSKs high-performing employees to volunteer using their professional expertise, lasting for a period of three to six months. A PULSE volunteer will work full-time with one of our partner non-governmental organizations (NGO) to make a significant impact in impoverished communities around the world. With their skills and knowledge, PULSE volunteers will work to build positive, sustainable change within the NGOs programming and service delivery in developed and developing countriesORANGE Day, introduced globally in January 2009, has enabled thousands of employees to make a significant difference through engaging with their local community.Give as You Earn (GAYE), is a payroll giving scheme where an employee or pensioner can donate to any charitable organization in the UK, straight from their pay.APPROACH TOWARD SOCIAL indebtednessPROACTIVE APPROACHGSK has a proactive approach towards social responsibility. Managers at GSK actively participate and hire themselves in different social activities which include awareness regarding diseases, PULSE campaign, malaria, AIDS etc.ABOUT GSKs CORPORATE ETHICS AND COMPLIANCE PROGRAMMEGSKs Corporate Ethics and contour Programme were established by the mount of Directors to support GSKs commitment to high standards of ethical conduct. The programme is under the direction of the Corporate Ethics and Compliance Officer, who reports to the Chief Executive Officer. Through the programme the Corporate Ethics and Compliance staff provides oversight and guidance to ensure compliance with applicable laws, regulations, and company policies, and to foster a positive, ethical work environment for all employees.GSKs Code of Conduct is the foundation for all the company policies. It sets out the fundamental principles th at the company values and that employees should guard in their daily work. Supporting the Code of Conduct policy is a range of corporate policies providing specific guidance in areas such as competition law, marketing practices, non-discrimination, share needing, and conflicts of interest. GSKs employee pass on to business conduct highlights the Code of Conduct, core compliance policies and provides guidance to employees. It is the responsibility of each employee to implement the code and follow the employee guide to sustain the trust and confidence of all GSK stakeholders. The six pages of code of conduct document clearly define the Purpose, scope, responsibilities, policies and communication of issues to all GSK employees. The policy covers the following function in GSK.Audit, Compliance, QualityCommunicationsGovt. External personal mattersFinanceGlobal ProcurementHRITLegalManufacturing lendMarketing, Sales SupportMedical question / DevelopmentSupervisors ManagementPurpo seThe purpose of this document is to state GSKs Policy on the fundamental standards to be followed by GSK Staff in their everyday actions on behalf of the Company and to promote honest, legal and ethical conduct. lucubrate relating to specific actions will be provided in the GSK Standards of Conduct.ScopeThis policy applies to all GSK Staff (includes employees, complementary workers, students and interns) world-wide, within all sectors, regions, areas and functions. GSK Staff must ensure this policy is followed by any contractors or other third-parties whom they engage.FORCES FROM particular GENERAL ENVIRONMENTSPECIFIC ENVIRONMENTCOMPETITORSGSK faces huge competition in Pakistan. It has many competitors that are impact the sales if GSK. Competitors includePfizerJohnson JohnsonBayerAbbottNovartisCompetition from generic products generally occurs as patents in major markets expire. We believe that remaining competitive is dependent upon the discovery and development of new produc ts, together with effective marketing of animate products. Within the pharmaceutical industry, the introduction of new products and processes by our competitors may affect pricing or result in changing patterns of product use. There is no assurance that products will not become outmoded, as yet patent or trademark protection. In addition, increased government and other pressures for physicians and patients to use generic pharmaceuticals, quite an than brand-name medicines, may increase competition for products that are no longer protected by patent. nodeSThe main customers of any pharmaceutical are the doctors. The brand name of GSK is so reliable that most of the doctors prefer only the GSKs product. GSK continuously spent money on RD so to satisfy the customers need.SUPPLIERS DISTRIBUTORSWorldwide GSK buy goods and services from around 90,000 suppliers. Our supply chain is complex it ranges from strategic relationships with suppliers that manufacture active pharmaceutical ingr edients, intermediates, raw materials and packaging for GSK medicines to contracts for goods and services such as office equipment, cleaning and security. The Primary supply sites supply high quality, competitively priced bulk actives and focus on improvements in primary technologies and processes. GSK does not own any of the suppliers or distributors. New product and global supply sites work closely with RDs development teams to ensure that the right technical competencies are in place to support rapid and successful new productGOVERNMENTAs such GSK dont face any issues with the government because they have their code of ethics which GSK strictly follows. GSK also play part in the welfare of society and avoid any of the illegal acts that can affect the GSKs reputation.GENERAL ENVIRONMENTIn general environment technological forces affect the GSK in the sense that new technologies are coming which are resulting in the new methods of producing the products. But GSK due to its huge bus iness easily replace old technology with the new one for making the product in the much better way than the previous methods.FUNCTIONS AND DEPARMENTS AT GSKThe main functions and departments at GSK are Production Engineering Environmental health and safety (EHS) Operational excellence Supply chain Finance Human resource Procurement Quality assurance Supply chainCUSTOMER REQUIREMENTSCUSTOMER VALUEFASTER LOWER COST BETTERLEAN SIGMAINPUTSCULTURE AT GSKCULTURE AND valueGSKsmissionis to improve the quality of human life by enabling people to do more, feel better and live longer.GSK place great emphasis not only on what we achieve, but also on how we deliver our achievements. Integrity and transparency are critical in our decision making and underpin everything that we do.GSKsculture is summed up in theSpirit of GSKthat defines thevalueswe expect all our employees to embraceRespect for PeoplePatient FocusedTransparencyIntegrityGSKsvaluesare pivotal to the way they operate and employees ar e people with high integrity who make good, honest decisions with patients in mind.GSKsmissionandspirithelp employees deal with new challenges and maintain a clear focus.CORE COMPETENCY OF GSKThe core competency of GSK is their consumer health care, consumer health standard their quality standard. These factors give the coreThe sources of GSK are due to their huge efforts in R D to bring continuous innovations in the products. Our scientists are working hard to discover new ways of treating and preventing diseases.Our success depends on a vibrant and productive RD function. To this end, we have established an innovative RD structure that encourages creativity and facilitates the intensify discovery and development of new medicines and hence gaining the competitive advantage.We also build collaborations and links with other research groups, biotechnology companies and academic institutions to help develop transformative scientific concepts.SOURCES OF CORE COMPETENCYSources of core c