William Wallace :: essays research papers

William Wallace What is the True Story? For generations, William Wallace has been a hero to Scotland and a patron of freedom. After Mel Gibsons portrayal of Wallace in the trophy winning movie, Braveheart, there was a dramatic rise in the popularity and recognition of the Scottish hero. The story of William Wallace has been passed down through many different generations. These generations include batch of English, Scottish, and Irish decent, a few among many. All of these different cultures have passed down different versions of stories and records about William Wallace. Since there are many different stories about the same(p) man, historians and scholars find it difficult to determine the actual truth about William Wallace and his past. As a result, historians are often left with conflicting opinions about who William Wallace really was. Historians, therefore, discord on such issues as the date of his birth, birthplace, facts concerning Wallaces elimination of English tyranny in Scotland, and the roles Wallace played in affairs with the English. In this paper I am going to show the conflicting views about William Wallaces life. I will use a wide variety of sources including the movie Bravehearts script, Internet network pages, and written history in order to support my thesis. I will conclude with the fact that William Wallace was truly a worthy patriot of his native orbit Scotland. He fearlessly led his fellow patriots into battle, and gained freedom for Scotland from the tyrannical rule of the English King, Edward I. In May of 1995 the film Braveheart came out in theaters. Braveheart is mainly a biographical movie about William Wallace. It portrays Wallace as a tall, strong, and brilliant man and military soldier. On many occasions, it shows Wallace defeating the English Army, which always outnumbered his troops. His most famous battle at Stirling Bridge is what many consider to be his most glorious battle. It is the battle in which he was outnumbered the most and in which he triumphed over this rampart and managed to win freedom for all of Scotland. Braveheart, however, was written by Randall Wallace and directed by Mel Gibson. Both men are of Scottish decent and thus would have pictured William Wallace in a great patriotic light. This is not meant to mean William Wallace was not a hero, but the two may have exaggerated such things as battles, intelligence, etc. The movie, however, seems to avoid certain conflictions about his life.

Psychological Suffrage Exposed in Morrisons Beloved :: Toni Morrison Beloved Essays

Toni Morrisons Beloved (1987) was her fifth novel, andthe most controversial work she had ever written. Morrisonwas working as a senior editor at the produce firm Random House when shewas editing a nineteenth century article which was in a historical book andfound the basis for this story. A direct connection between Morrison andthis novel is best demonstrated by Morrisons statement of I deal withfive years of terror in a pathological society, living in a bedlam wherenothing makes sense. This novel is set during the mid-nineteenth centuryand reveals the pain and suffrage of being a slave before and afteremancipation through deeply symbolic delineations of continued emotionaland psychological suffrage. Stanley Crouch stated For Beloved, above all else, is a blackfacefinal solution novel (38-43). He believed that by including sadistic guards,murder, separation of family members, a big war, failed and successfulescapes, and losses of loved ones to the violence of the mad order,Morr ison was attempting to enter American thrall into the martyr ranks ofthe Nazis abuse of the Jews (Crouch 38-43). Also, Crouch stated, shelacks a true sense of the tragic (38-43). He supported this by stating it shows no sense of the timeless and unpredictable manifestations of offensethat preceded and followed American slavery (Crouch 38-43). However, Crouch realizes that Morrison has real talent, in that hebelieves she has the ability to organize her novel in a musical structureby apply images as motifs. He also felt that the characters in the novelserved no purpose other than to deliver a message. Crouch believed thatMorrison did not want her readers to run into the horrors of slavery thatothers did, but rather just to tally up the sins that were committedagainst the darker people and feel sorry for them. Furthermore, hepresumed that this novel was designed to make reliable that the view of theblack woman being the most scorned and rebuked of the victims of society,doesnt w eaken. According to Ann Snitow, she harps so on the presence of Beloved,sometimes neglecting the mental life of her other characters (pp. 25-26).She believed that by sacrificing the other characters vitality until thevery end, the novel is left hollow in the middle. However, Snitow didstate If Beloved fails in its ambitions, it is equable a novel by ToniMorrison, still therefore full of beautiful prose, dialogue as rhythmicallysatisfying as musicand scenes so clearly etched theyre likehallucinations (25-26). Snitow compares Morrisons writing elan toDickens, in that she believes that each of them are great, serious writers.

Supporting the US Patriot Act Essay -- Privacy

The US Patriot Act should stay in effect indefinitely because it helps to remove barriers to investigate terrorism, it strengthens the criminal laws against terrorism, and it gives the disposal the function to intercept wire, ad-lib and electronic communications relating to terrorism. Originally passed after the September 11, 2001 attacks, the Patriot Act was formed in response to the terrorist attacks against the United States. This law dramatically expanded the authority of American law enforcement for the stated purpose of fighting terrorism in the United States. It is used to enhance domestic security against terrorism, and enhance surveillance procedures. It gives the brass the authority to intercept wire, oral, and electronic communications relating to terrorism. It has also been used to detect and prosecute other alleged potential crimes, such as providing false knowledge on terrorism. It was re brand-newed on March 2, 2006 with a vote of 89 to 11 in the Senate and o n March 7 280 to 138 in the House. The renewal was sign-language(a) into law by President Bush on March 9, 2006.1 (USA Patriot Act www.wikipedia.org on 02/08/2007).The Patriot Act has been very important to win the War on Terror and protecting the American people. The signed legislation allows intelligence and law enforcement officials to continue sharing information and using the same tools against terrorists already employed against drug dealers and other criminals. This legislation helps to strengthen the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) so that it can better identify and interrupt terrorist threats. It also provides law enforcement officials new tools to combat threats, while safeguarding Americans civil liberties. America still faces dangerous en... ... remember about government powers is not to necessarily only worry about what they do but what they allow the government to do (because eventually they likely will). These provisions in and of themselves are not a ridicu lous assault on acquaintance but they do increase powers and reduce rights incrementally. And it is likely that any overall reduction of rights will be incremental and always driven by government necessity to protect or provide. The Patriot Act is one of these measures that will allow each American life, liberty, and the pursuit happiness. Although, some laws might seem intrusive in nature that intrusiveness provides Americans with a feeling of safety. Sources1.USA Patriot Act www.wikipedia.org. accessed on 02/08/20072. USA Patriot Act www.whitehouse.gov accessed on 02/07/2007

Thomas Mores Utopia as a Social Model Essays -- Thomas More Utopia

Thomas Mores Utopia as a Social Model In his famous escape Utopia, Sir Thomas More describes the gild and culture of an imaginary island on which all social ills have been cured. As in Platos Republic, a work from which More drew while writing Utopia, Mores work presents his ideas through a dialogue between two characters, Raphael Hythloday and More himself. Hythloday is a fictional character who describes his recent voyage to the paradisal island of Utopia. Throughout the work, Hythloday describes the laws, customs, system of government, and mode of life that exist in Utopia to an incredulous and somewhat condescending More. Throughout the work, Hythloday presents a society organized to overcome the flaws of human nature. This society has been carefully perspective out by More -- as the author of the work -- to help avoid the problems associated with human nature. Individual human appetites are controlled and balanced against the needs of the companionship as a whole. In dif ferent words, More attempts to describe a society in which the seven deadly sins are counterbalanced by other motivations set up by the government and society as a whole. More seems to think that the seven deadly sins will be fairly short to overcome. Pride, for instance, is counterbalanced in several ways in his social system. For instance, he makes sure that all people play out the same clothing, except that the different genders wear different styles, as do married and unmarried people. More also makes individuals fairly interchangeable within the social system -- one carpenter, for instance, seems to be much or less like another to him, and can find work anywhere that carpenters are needed. He also says that the Utopians encourage their ci... ...en consumed by lust for personnel due to the way in which he was raised, others in his society would have been. No society can control the motivations of all individuals involved to such a degree as to completely eliminate power-l ust in all of its members. Mores Utopia, then, presents a nice theory, but one too abstract, too Platonic, too rationalistic, and with too lowly understanding of real human motivations to be workable. However, it is hardly a useless or worthless work -- it contains many profound psychological insights, quite a bit of humor, and many very good points. I doubt that it is workable as a complete social system, however. Works Cited More, Sir Thomas. Utopia. New York Washington neat Press, 1965. Marlowe, Christopher. The Tragedy of Doctor Faustus. Ed. Louis B. Wright. New York Washington Square Press, 1959.

Themes in White Noise by Don DeLillo Essay -- White Noise Don DeLillo

White NoiseThe worldis crowded, not necessarily with occupants and not at all with memorable experiences, but with happenings it is a changeless flow of seductive trivialities which invoke neither reflection, nor choice but instant participation. (Oakeshott) The idea of the lacking of realness is one of the major themes carried out throughout the young White Noise by Don DeLillo, especially through the device of the television. For approximately people there are only two places in the world. Where they get going and their TV set. If a thing happens on television, we have every right to find it fascinating, whatever it is. (DeLillo 66) The television in the novel White Noise is represent almost as a character and plays a significant role in the lives of the individuals in the story. The TV set is always on in the sept and emits a constant flow of words, sounds, and images into the home. McCarthy depicts the TV set itself as both a piece of furniture in a room and a win dow to an imaged elsewhere, both a commodity and a way of looking at commodities. (1) In other words, not only is the television an American commodity, it also gives turf out to hundreds upon thousands of other must-haves. There is hardly a home in America lacking at least one television set, giving this mode of colloquy enormous influence ability. The world has but one language, soon learned the language of appetite. (Oakeshott 41) In order to feed this appetite Americans especially, glue their eyes to the TV to see what new ways of living and new products are out there to make their lives better. The character, Jack Gladney shows this modern-day way of thinking when he goes shop at the mall. After looking at the mass and variety of hi... ... nothing since there is no media in Iron City. (DeLillo 92) To the characters as well as to most of society, only the amount of coverage of the incident by the media brings the event into existence. It wouldnt matter how many casual ties how many lives ruined if the occurrences werent captured on film and ludicrous over every news station. For most people, events are not news unless they appear on television. (Johnson 212) Once again this is seen when the refugees from the toxic cloud are tip over that they only got fifty-two words on television, and not even on network news. Are they telling us that it was insignificant? Do they think this is comely television? ... Dont they know its real? (DeLillo 162) Once again this concept that remains throughout the entire novel of distinguishing real from not real is brought up, and once again, is misunderstood.

Themes in White Noise by Don DeLillo Essay -- White Noise Don DeLillo

White NoiseThe worldis crowded, not necessarily with occupants and not at all with memorable experiences, but with happenings it is a perpetual flow of seductive trivialities which invoke neither reflection, nor choice but instant participation. (Oakeshott) The idea of the lacking of realness is one of the major themes carried out throughout the newfangled White Noise by Don DeLillo, especially through the device of the television. For around people there are only two places in the world. Where they pass and their TV set. If a thing happens on television, we have every right to find it fascinating, whatever it is. (DeLillo 66) The television in the novel White Noise is envisioned almost as a character and plays a significant role in the lives of the individuals in the story. The TV set is always on in the contribute and emits a constant flow of words, sounds, and images into the home. McCarthy depicts the TV set itself as both a piece of furniture in a room and a wind ow to an imaged elsewhere, both a commodity and a way of looking at commodities. (1) In other words, not only is the television an American commodity, it also gives formulate to hundreds upon thousands of other must-haves. There is hardly a home in America lacking at least one television set, giving this mode of colloquy enormous influence ability. The world has but one language, soon learned the language of appetite. (Oakeshott 41) In order to feed this appetite Americans especially, glue their eyes to the TV to see what new ways of living and new products are out there to make their lives better. The character, Jack Gladney shows this modern-day way of thinking when he goes obtain at the mall. After looking at the mass and variety of hi... ... nothing since there is no media in Iron City. (DeLillo 92) To the characters as well as to most of society, only the amount of coverage of the incident by the media brings the event into existence. It wouldnt matter how many cas ualties how many lives ruined if the occurrences werent captured on film and sozzled over every news station. For most people, events are not news unless they appear on television. (Johnson 212) Once again this is seen when the refugees from the toxic cloud are mazed that they only got fifty-two words on television, and not even on network news. Are they telling us that it was insignificant? Do they think this is nevertheless television? ... Dont they know its real? (DeLillo 162) Once again this concept that remains throughout the entire novel of distinguishing real from not real is brought up, and once again, is misunderstood.

Postmodernism and Multimedia Essay

The premises of postmodernism include the spread of globalization, deviation from the universal truth, non-linearity and flexibility and that it can be closely associated with computer engineering. These premises can be found and embodied in todays multimedia. multimedia system itself can be considered a postmodern creation beca mapping of the nonlinearity in its creation, storage and distribution especially with the advent of the World Wide Web and new(prenominal) technological advances (Phillips c. 2003).Multimedia is also an entertainment row that branches in different directions, deconstructing and reconstructing the experiences to suit different individual tastes. It links different sections and components, making the media more interactive and more convenient for the audience as they go through the sections of their choosing. This proves its reputation true as an integration of multiple media that can multiply the impact of the message/s the multimedia would want to impart to its audiences (Pant 1999).Multimedia methodology and production itself can be said to be generally postmodern because of the technologies and the demands they need to adapt to in order to satisfy the demands of the todays market. Postmodernism, is, thus the heart of this eras multimedia methodology and production. The methodology and production of multimedia is a process that involves multiple steps that include conceptualization, development, preproduction, production, postproduction, and authentication with each phase world further subdivided into different activities (Pant 1999).Conceptualization and development, mostly take a linear approach (though these may become non-linear depending on the median(a) of technology it should be adapted to), but the preproduction, production, postproduction and documentation stages get more complicated as the multimedia reaches more audiences. This is where postmodern methods, like non-linearity, enters in. This is a eccentric in point i n movies, wherein, after the theaters, they go to the DVD.In the DVD, they get reproduced by adding commentary tracks, behind-the-scenes documentaries, deleted scenes and outtakes which involve the stages from production to documentation (Owczarski 2007). Because of the new edits to DVDs and other media such as downloadable moving-picture shows, the media has been made to be more interactive with a click of a button and lends to its non-linear quality. Tied into its production and methodology, the different sections that be being inputted into the multimedia are not created linearly and are edited into the work piecemeal depending on the markets demands and the playfulness of the media produced.The multimedia are not only transmitted through the Internet and DVD but are also being distributed non-linearly to other mediums such as the mobile rings and other devices that makes creators go back and forth in the production process making it spiral rather than linear in order to accom modate the demands of technology and the public and calm having almost the same experience in the end. Flexibility is also very evident in todays multimedia as evidenced by different mediums where they are presented in. about of the most popular mediums are online streaming sites such as YouTube. While traditional media uses video cameras to create videos, postmodern methods use different technologies to create videos devoid of the professional touch. As stated by Ann Hornday in her study of the phenomenon of the publics production of their own media contributions, The mobile phone camera has introduced a whole new version of variety, delivering spontaneous, intimate, unedited footage.At their best, these slices of life devoid of structural conceits and often of narration transport viewers to places and situations they would neer otherwise be privy to. And they can land unexpected emotional punches. No CNN report and few feature-length documentaries could capture the stark terro r of a two-minute video recently uploaded to Metacafe. com, in which a U. S. Army convoy on a routine run dodges a bomb on an Iraq street (2007).Such is the nature of todays multimedia. Postmodernism in multimedia has expanded the experiences of audiences around the globe because of its introduction of the idea of versatility being able to explore different environments that would otherwise be closed off to traditional media. As todays technologies demand more portability and accessibility, multimedia has adapted to become more flexible to the growing requirements of its consumers.Some of these technologies come in the form of handheld technologies such as PDAs and mobile phones which have varying and more compact requirements. Since the requirements of these small and less complicated devices are different from those stated above, the creation of multimedia is increasingly becoming more flexibly created and recreated. With the addition of textual design in different forms of multim edia, the current technology has enabled the audience to interact with and participate in the media-making experience itself.The different technologies that have emerged has made it possible for various ways to present multimedia, regardless of proper lighting, levelheaded and focus, and is still able make an appealing video to the audiences (Hornday 2007). This disregard for traditional means for professional multimedia creations and the non-professionalism of the publicly-made multimedia has made the postmodern movement of media an arouse experience that has made it possible for multimedia to flourish unlike other media forms. These, and other postmodern influences, has made it the most successful form of media that makes it the heart of multimedia.

Gender Factor Of Ill Health Health And Social Care Essay

These stereotyped outlooks be norm onlyy referred to as gender molds. sex affects many facets of life, specially. In this bind I ll concentrate on depicting how gender is a critical determiner of wellness and unwellness and how gender determines the differential power of commanding take form forces and freehanded females over the their wellness and lives, their societal location, position and intervention in society and their susceptibleness and exposure to specific wellness hazards. Besides I willing advert the differences between regulate forces and big(a) females from a wellness position, beside its relation with nursing ( Rodney K, 2000 ) .Many research workers, including life scientists, sociologists, have attempted to explicate whatever of the grounds why differences in illness occur. Sociological accounts generally focus on life manner differences. For illustproportionn, females may be treated as the weaker call down in some states and their medical checkup conc erns may be downplayed or ignored. Limited fiscal resorts may restrict entree to wellness attention installations. Women s function as the primary attention giver of the kids may hold both positive and negative impacts on her wellness. If the self-aggrandizing female stays at place to raise her household, she may hold less exposure to occupational jeopardies such as chemicals in the workplace ( McGuire, 2002 ) .On the different manus, she may hold higher(prenominal) exposure to household indoor air pollutants. She may besides hold less contact with people with whom she may be able to vent her concerns and Frustration. Differences in behaviours may besides play a function in differences in p prevalence of disease. Males tend to be hazard takers, tobacco users, and devour intoxicating more to a great extent than adult females. Men tend to be more loath to encompass prevent I on schemes. This has contributed to the unfold of AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases. Dietary di fferences, with adult females devouring less protein and Ca, may lend to anemia and increased osteoporosis hazard in females ( Abreu, Jose M, 2001 ) .Gender differences occur peculiarly in the rates of common wellness upsets depression, anxiousness and bodily ailments and deceasing. These upsets, in which adult females predominate, affect about 1 in 3 people in the community and represent a serious public wellness job. It is well-known that in most developed states adult females outlive work forces. In 1996 in the UK a miss s life anticipation at birth is higher than male child s life anticipation. Although the ratio of male to female births ( 11.05 in 1991 ) might look to give males an advantage, males in fact have higher rates of decease ( Meltzer H, 1995 ) .There ar many differences that account for work forces and adult females regard wellness issues, but far off from medical side, traditional gender functions define maleness as holding power and being in control in emotional state of affairss, in the workplace, and in sexual relationships. Acceptable male behaviours include fight, independency, assertiveness, aspiration, assurance, stamina, choler, and even force. Traditional muliebrity is defined as being nurturing, supportive, and delegating high precedence to one s relationships. Womans be expected to be emotionally expressive, dependent, inactive, concerted, warm, and evaluate of subsidiary position in matrimony and employment. Competitiveness, assertiveness, choler, and force are viewed as unfeminine and are non by and large tolerated as acceptable female behaviour ( Baljit M, 1995 ) .Furthermore there are many differences in male and female respect wellness issue get clearer, discernible and reaches a extremum in late adolescence and early maturity. Plenty of surveies have shown that those differences are in some facets of wellness non all. The British Health and Lifestyle Survey showed an extra in adult females of depression and jobs with nerv ousnesss, and as a group, sometimes differences could be obvious in certain symptoms, such as concerns and fatigue are some sorts of wellness jobs. another(prenominal) survey from WHO showed that Women are more likely to seek aid from and unwrap wellness jobs to their primary wellness attention doctor while work forces are more likely to seek specializer wellness attention and are the chief users of inmate attention ( Rosenfield S, 1989 ) .Work forces are more likely than adult females to unwrap jobs with intoxicant usage to their wellness attention supplier. In one of the experiments done in one of the Americans laps on one 1000 work forces and adult females, the consequences showed that adult females have a higher prevalence for haemorrhoids at most ages, and of arthritis and rheumatism at older ages but it besides suggested a male prodigality of digestive upsets, asthma and back problem in younger maturity, and as expected a male surplus in bosom disease at older ages. Other co nsequences pointed out that work forces in the United States suffer more terrible chronic conditions and have higher decease rates for all 15 prima causes of decease, and die about seven old ages younger than adult females. Another research proved that adult females who have small counseling are less likely to have wellness attention, particularly prenatal attention and aid from trained wellness forces during the bringing of their babes. More adult females with no instruction reported costs as a barrier to seeking wellness attention ( CDHS, 2000 ) .In add-on to all above, technological and medical progresss may hold an impact on the result of disease intervention between the sexes. For old ages, females w e rhenium excluded from drug tests, partially due to the shake of inauspicious foetal results if the female would go on to go pregnant while on an Investigational drug. It was frequently assumed ( on occasion falsely ) that females would oppose to the drug the same as males. How ever, females today are now more likely to be included in drug tests and the consequences of these tests may demo that females answer likewise or otherwise to a drug. Likewise, some surgical interventions may be more technically hard on females due to smaller electronic organ or blood vas size. This may do more surgical complications and lead to increased morbidity or mortality rates in females. As surgical techniques better, one may observe the complication rate differences between the sexes to decrease ( K Hinds, 2001 ) .However, health-related beliefs and behaviours are of import subscribers to these differences. Men by and large are more likely than adult females to follow beliefs and behaviours that increase their hazards, and are less likely to prosecute in behaviours that are linked with wellness. There are a figure of possible beliefs and accounts for differences in work forces s and adult females s wellness have been put frontward. These include biological hazards, acquir ed hazards associating to different behaviours or exposures, and differences in the leaning to acknowledge unwellness and to describe symptoms of ill-health, and different entree to, and usage of, wellness attention ( Petticrew K, 1973 ) .Furthermore, gender differences in wellness and wellness attention are good documented. Women by and large experience poorer wellness than work forces, although some surveies have shown that the way and magnitude of gender differences in wellness may salmagundi harmonizing to the peculiar wellness result. Determinants of gender differences in wellness include biological ( e.g. familial and hormonal factors ) , psychological ( e.g. gender images and individualities, chronic stressors ) , behavioural ( smoke, imbibing, feeding, physical physical exertion ) and societal factors ( e.g. societal support, socio-economic position ) . Research on forms of wellness attention use suggests that, in general, adult females have higher use rates of medical ser vices than work forces, after commanding for wellness results, although differences might be little. Assorted accounts for adult females s greater service usage have been suggested differences in societal function, wellness cognition, wellness position, sensitiveness to symptoms, willingness to describe wellness jobs, credence of aid seeking, conformity with intervention ( Sabo D, 1995 ) .In amount, adult females have more frequent unwellness and disablement, but It is well-known that in most developed states adult females outlive work forces, but the jobs are typically non serious ( life endangering ) 1s. In contrast, work forces suffer more from life endangering diseases, and these do more lasting disablement and earlier decease for them. One sex is sicker in the short tally, and the other in the long tally. There is no contradiction between the wellness and mortality statistics since both points to more serious wellness jobs for work forces ( Gordon DF, 1995 ) .

Difference Between Fasb and Iasb Essay

Major similarities between FASB and IASB Same organizational bodily structure FASB and IASB are each belongs to an organization that has four main bodies. Also, the internal structure and responsibility assignment of these organizations are basically the same. FASB and IASB are the banal setting board of the organizations. Other three parts of the organizations are there to support the sample setting process, such as selecting board members and deal with emergency issues (Kieso, et al. , p7-9).In addition, both boards have members from varies industries including accounting, finance, business and academia (Virginia Law & Business Review, fall 2008, p283). occult entities Both boards are private entities that have been assigned the role and responsibility of developing and deploying Accounting Standards (Virginia Law & Business Review, fall 2008, p284). By private, it means the standard setting process is not affected by politics. However, since the governments are also relying o n standard set by these private institutions, both FASB and IASB are bleak to politics to varies degree.Similar procedure of making rules Despite any internal and external influences, the procedure of drafting and publishing Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) and planetary Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) are similar. Generally, the process is as follows discuss whether to add new attend to agenda mostly based on recommendations from investors plan for the project draft the standard vote and publish the standard once it is approved(FASB Financial Accounting Standards Board, n. d).However, since each board has different members and they are setting rules based on its own investors concern, also by other external influences, they produce distinct rules. Differentiations between FASB and IASB Scope of operations The jurisdiction of the IASB could be the whole valet of commerce and industry, include EU nations and states, the latter is confined mainly to the United States and its trade partners (Virginia Law & Business Review, fall 2008, p303). Because of this, the citizenship of the trustees has become a problem.The IASC Foundation has commodious pressure of balancing the culture background of the board member nevertheless, European members are still the majority of the board with a proportion of nearly 50% (Virginia Law & Business Review, fall 2008, p307-308). This problem shows that the IASB standard setting has more outside interference. Political settings Different political settings for FASB and IASB authorized them different degree of independence. In the US, the standards set by FASB are implemented unless the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) interferes and prevents it for being accepted.However, in the case of IASB, standards set by the IASB do not gain rate and authority unless these are passed by the European Commission (EC) (Virginia Law & Business Review, fall 2008, p291). Funding The FASB is now financed through an obli gatory contribution system, and therefore provide against financial influence. The IASB is financially depending on noncompulsory contribution from financial institutions, thus there is relatively huge financial pressure on IASB. Recently IASB has taken solid steps to widen the source of funding but the degree of mprovement varies from countries (Virginia Law & Business Review, fall 2008, p292-298). Which approach to support? I would like to say the FASB standard setting approach is more appropriate considering your accounting background. Since many of your clients are Fortune 300 companies who would find FASB more in harmony with their preparation and show of periodic accounting statements and records. FASB is also in line with most widely accepted accounting norms and practices in the US. With less external influence, more freedom in standard setting and sufficient funds, I believe the FASB standard setting process is more trustworthy.

Middle East Democracy

The idea of installing a full scale democratic government in Iran is something that has undoubtedly crossed the mind of some(prenominal) prominent American politicians, only it has yet to come to fruition because of a number of reasons. For the most part, the promotion of republic in the Middle East has been a well tried, but failed venture. While many beas in opposite parts of the world have been especially quick to pick up democracy, those people in Iran and other parts of the Middle East have not been so willing to embrace the idea yet.This has occurred because of the fundamental problems that seem to get lost in translation when western sandwich nations try to impose a government on the people in the Middle East. In order for democracy to ever massage in Iran or elsewhere in that area of the world, these basic, fundamental differences must(prenominal) be addressed appropriately and ultimately be bridged, so that a normal accord can be reached in the best interests of the Persian people.The primary obstacles to democratic reform in Iran are many and they are tall obstacles. In short, these are basic problems that the people of Iran have with western governments and they are the sort of problems that will keep democracy from coming to Iran at this point. The main thing stand in the way is a difference in religious theory. though democracy itself purports to check all religions and in effort to promote religious freedom, it is construct upon Christian principles and has been a primarily Christian outfit since its inception.When the founding fathers designed the documents that started the nation, they opened up their Bibles for consultation. This is not a fact that is lost on the Iranian people, nor is it lost on the Iranian government. According to peopleMaster.com, the statistics on religion in Iran are staggering. According to that website, 98% of the people in Iran are practicing Muslims (NationMaster.com). This in itself is something that cre ates major(ip) issues with democracy and stands as a barrier in the way of each having an active democracy in that country. Of that 98% clip, more than 89% of the Muslims are Shia, which creates an added problem. That f accomplishment of Islam has been particularly harsh in regards to American policy and democracy.In addition to the problem surrounding religion, there is a problem that exists over control of the country. The arrogant party in Iran worked genuinely hard to gain control of the country and they now have a system in place that re contendds those who support them and cracks subject on those that oppose them. This is done because the country is set up to allow this theocracy to have full and complete control over just round every aspect of the country, including the economy. Since their control is so widespread, there is lots of vested interest in keeping the controlling party in affair. If they were to be booted out of completeice in favor of some new attraction s, lots of angry people would be missing out on the benefits that they were used to receiving.According to MapsoftheWorld.com, The chief of the verbalise is Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Hoseini-Khomeini. The head of the Iran government is President Mahmud Ahmadi-Nejad. The Cabinet consists of Council of Ministers selected by the president with legislative approval (MapsoftheWorld.com). This alone shows the near complete control that the leader of the government has over the country. though the head of the government is an elected official, there is little to suggest that any elections are conducted in a fair manner.Though the government in Iran is technically considered a democracy because of the fact that they h sr. elections, one would be hard pressed to find anyone that would consider their system a clear representation of the peoples respectables. A former American government official has even said in the last month that the democracy effort in Iran is one that will be tough t o come by fork overn the current state in the country and Americas current relationship with the leaders of that country. In a New York Sun article by Eli Lake, a former presidential assistant is mentiond as saying, there is not the expertise, there is not the energy for it. The Iran office is worried about the bilateral policy. I think they are not committed to this anymore (Lake). If that quote is any indication, and then the democracy effort in Iran has a tough future ahead of it.Overcoming the barriers to democracy will not be easy in Iran, but they are doable with the right policy. One thing to consider is that the religious preferences of the Iranian people are longstanding and they are not believably to change any time in the near future. As such, Western nations must understand that they are going to be dealing with an Islamic nation and they must make allowances for that. Though pure democracy in an American sense will never come off as being an Islamic idea, the prop onents of such an Iranian democracy movement must make sure to bridge the gap that exists within perception between the 2 nations.They must create democracy in its most positive light to the people of Iran, to make them understand that it is not something to be feared, but rather something to be embraced. If the basic differences in religious preference are going to be conquered, then democracy must appear to them as something that can be incorporated with their Islamic values. Having them get hitched with Judeo-Christian values is not an option, so if democracy is going to head to Iran, then it must be taken closer to their preferences.As far as power is concerned, this looks like a problem that might not have a solution. Given the fact that the controlling party is not likely to give up any of their stake in the nation regardless of what the American government has to say, a new democratic creation must take this into account. Though there is no way to truly overcome this obsta cle, some progress can be made by insuring that the people in control right now understand that they will not be thrown to the dogs in a new democracy program. They will still have the dislodge to be in power if they are elected fairly by the people of their country. This will not likely be enough to pacify those in power, but that might not be possible in the long run.The primary supporters of democratic reform in Iran are mostly from Western nations and their interest is two fold. For American leaders, the establishment of democracy in Iran helps promote that sort of movement all over the world, and it helps to protect American interests abroad as much as possible. The hope of such a government would ultimately be to get rid of the tyrannical leader that runs that government. When tyrants are eliminated from office, the entire world is better off for it, according to American policy. According to a 2005 New York Times article, the American government is taking great measures to h elp this happen.They are being helped by leaders in other democratic governments. In an article by Steven R. Weisman, it is stated, The Bush administration is expanding efforts to influence Irans internal politics with aid for opposition and pro-democracy groups abroad and overnight broadcasts criticizing the Iranian government, administration officials say (Weisman). This widespread support from the American government has been continued, although it has been reformed since to meet its goals more effectively.The main opponents of democratic reform in Iran are fairly predictable, given the current set of circum locations in that country. The controlling party that runs the government has no interest in changing their ways, as it was the old system that allowed them to gain power and influence. They are the most powerful and influential group standing in the way.Almost as important in this stance against democracy are the religious leaders in Iran. They have a huge measure of contro l over the population since it is their job to give lucidness on religious matters. Under the current theocracy, which is run with a great deal of religious emphasis, they have lots of control and economic swing in the country. This group is probably more important to influence, since it is their interpretation of the Islamic gospel that helps create the prevailing thought of the Iranian people. Given the fact that the deep grow Christian values in democracy are no secret, it is highly unlikely that the Islamic leaders of Iran are going to relent on their position.In order to influence these political leaders in Iran, there is only one real solution that the American government can use. Since economic sanctions and threats of war do not seem to be working, the U.S. government has to take the initiative to establish some rewards for the leaders if they were to go along with democracy. Economic rewards are very powerful bargaining tools, because the Iranian leaders can get rich if t hey play their cards right. If the Western governments made it clear that they would provide clear support to any democratic reform, it may influence the Iranian leaders to make some changes to their current working system.Though the basic premise of democracy would mention that any group should be allowed to jockey for position atop the government, Iran has to be handled somewhat differently. Given the previously mentioned statistics on religion in the country, it would be exceedingly unwise to allow any anti-Islamic groups to push for control of the nation. It would be unwise for a couple of different reasons. On one hand, they would have no contingency of gaining control of the country and would therefore just be stirring the pot. This leads to the second conclusion, which indicates that such pot stirring would only have a negative rival on the reception of democracy. Since democracy has to be brought to Iran in conjunction with Islam, this is a recipe for disaster.One thing that must be considered when a person thinks about American influence in Iran is what kind of broad impact it will have on a number of different people. If America and other western nations were to make a push for democracy in Iran, it might bilk those people in the country that are there in order to do other good in the country. According to an article in the Washington Post by Karl Vick and Daniel Finkel, Prominent activists inside Iran say President Bushs plan to knock off tens of millions of dollars to promote democracy here is the kind of help they dont need, warning that upright announcement of the U.S. program endangers human rights advocates by tainting them as American agents (Vick, Finkel).This means that the mere announcement of any such effort would immediately put people in danger within Iran. This is not important on the basis that it would endanger a few human rights workers. It is important on the basis that if such widespread distaste for America exists among the people, then there is virtually no chance of American-led policy to stick in the country.Other factors must be considered, though. If America wants to keep Iran from becoming the next big Middle Eastern super power, then something must be a done. While the foreign policy of the United States should not include the right and prompting to go to war on a whim, it should help protect American interests. The United States has spent countless dollars and thousands of lives in establishing a semblance of normalcy in Iraq. According to some people, any action in Iran would destroy the work already done in its neighboring country.A United Press International article by Claude Salhani reads, However, any antiaircraft on Iran would reverse any gains made in Iraq. This point was repeated to the U.S. secretary of defense by various Gulf officials (Salhani). The government of the United States has to be very careful in this case, as they are playing with fire, to an extent.The only way that the American government should put dollars and effort forward in an undertake to reform Iran is if they have a clear idea of how to get things done. Any plan that is devoid of such a clear objective would fail miserably. The objectives must be to help end tyranny in Iran and to protect American interests on a security level. They must be handled diplomatically, as a multitude conflict in Iran at this time would be a recipe for disaster, given the nuclear implications that exist.A Steven Erlanger article in the New York Times indicates the thinking of Israel on the matter of nuclear weapons in Iran. In his article, Erlanger writes, Israel thinks that an American National Intelligence Estimate about Irans nuclear weapons program, published in an unclassified discrepancy last week, is unduly optimistic and focuses too narrowly on the last stage of weapons development the fashioning of a bomb out of highly enriched uracil (Erlanger). This means that some uncertainty exists over wheth er or not the country has any real, threatening weapons. If they were to possess advanced nuclear capability, then America and other nations must make sure to tread very lightly in enemy territory.Works CitedErlanger, Steven. New York Times. Israelis Brief top U.S. Commander on Irans Nuclear Activities. 11 December 2007. http//www.boston.com/news/world/middleeast/articles/2007/12/11/israelis_brief_us_commander_on_irans_nuclear_activities/Lake, Eli. The New York Sun. This Pretty Much Kills the Iran commonwealth Program. 8 November 2007. http//www.nysun.com/article/66065Maps of the World. Iran Government. http//www.mapsofworld.com/iran/about-iran/government.htmlNation Master. Iran Religion. http//www.nationmaster.com/country/ir-iran/rel-religionSalhani, Claude. United Press International. Analysis Iran is Still a Threat for U.S. 10 December 2007. http//www.upi.com/International_Security/Emerging_Threats/Analysis/2007/12/10/analysis_iran_is_still_a_threat_for_us/3136/Vick, Karl, & Finkel, David. Washington Post. U.S. Push for Democracy Could Backfire in Iran. 14 March 2006. http//www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/03/13/AR2006031301761.htmlWeisman, Steven. The New York Times. U.S. Expands Aid to Irans Democracy Advocates Abroad. 29 May 2005. http//www.nytimes.com/2005/05/29/ supranational/middleeast/29iran.html

Moll Flanders: From Innocence to Maturity Essay

moll Flanders is the central character of the novel gun moll Flanders, who was natural in Newgate, England and passed different phases of her life sentence across England and America. The entire novel depicts those phases of her life through five marriages, among which only one was fruitful. Between her marriages and through them, the character of Moll Flanders evolves which shows her ingenuity, energy and determination to survive and do well.Moll is born in a prison in Newgate and soon after her birth, her m otherwise is deported to America alone, to get a hanker her punishment. She is taken over by a group of gypsy, with whom she run lowd until she was three years old. Then she was raised by a nurse until she was eight. It was tradition that she should now scram a job as a servant, like many other orphan children. However, this is when we see the first piece of Molls intelligence when she pleads that she could be a gentlecleaning lady with whatever little education and work skill she has achieved so far. Soon, she becomes a celebrity and was assisted by many women and finally was taken by one of the prominent families where she grows like the other daughters of the family. So, if we look thoroughly up to this phase of Molls life, we see the ingenuity of her character which she keeps increment over time through the rest of the novel.As the elder son of the family becomes physically intimate with Moll, she starts to become emotionally very intimate to him. She starts to believe that she could be a wife someday in that house. However, soon she turns wrong and learns the about the harshness male dominance. Later, she marries the younger brother and gives birth to 2 children. We see Moll starts to become self-sufficient through this phase of life. She understands that if she wants to get herself as a respectable woman in the society, she requires the identity of being married to a gentleman. However, it is in like manner interesting to observe that she s till preserves a sense of dignity in her. The thought of lying with the elder brother for financial reason disgusts her. exactly she grows a perspective which decides her reaction to such events and let her choose the appropriate course of action to survive. She becomes aware of the physical relationship but at the identical time she becomes pragmatic and marries the elder brother.Soon after the death of her first husband, she gets married to a draper. But her second marriage does not last long either as the tradesman becomes a fugitive and runs away to France. And the wealth that Moll has achieved over the period of affair with the elder brother, comes down to less than half. And this is when she locomote into a strange kind of problem of having no husband despite having one. But she adjusts a solution by concealing her true identity and becomes a trickster to get married again. It is notable that at this stage of her life, she realizes that being honest and devoted to relation ship does not always settle a woman into a society. Her love for the elder brother is real but is not enough to achieve a stable life. Life teaches her to be tricky and she tricks her step-brother to embrace her by vowing him that he would still marry her even if she is penniless.After being married for the third time, Moll goes to Virginia with her husband and starts to live a happy and easygoing life. However, that does not last long as the secret is soon revealed that she has married her own half-brother. Molls reaction at this stage of her life is instead contrasting to the rest of her reactions previously. So far she has exposed mostly the negative aspects of her character to get a sustainable life. However, despite being happy with her step-brother, she decides to straggle her. This time her moral principle wins over other consideration and she expresses her disgust over this incestuous relationship. Even her own mother cannot convince her to forget everything and live the life. So, she returns to England by leaving behind a perfect life in America.As she returns to England, she starts to live in a place called Bath, which is known more to find a mistress than a wife. After three unsuccessful marriages, Moll becomes aware that she has to be very careful about her next relationship. She meets a banker who is assemble to marry her but she denies after knowing that he already has a wife who is insane. She says she would only consider marrying him if the banker can obtain a divorce. This shows the sign of her being matured over time.She also meets another man named Jemy, who becomes her fourth husband and perhaps her best match. Jemy is another trickster, like Moll herself. So, this phase of Molls life shows her calculated treatment to the male companions and her sensitivity in getting married. However, she and Jemy cross each other in the same game and they fitted each other rightly, and in later life it proves right. So, at this segment of her life, w e see the little morals and bits of wisdom which shows the ultimate maturity of Moll Flanders.Going through the life of Moll Flanders through her first four marriages, one might say she is hard to stand. But despite her less than appealing qualities, we see the development of a woman who leads a hard fought life. Interestingly, Daniel Defoe has chosen a character of low moral as the principal protagonist of this novel which is rather uncommon. But her fault and the nature of fluidness in her character glorify the fight of a woman from an era when they were seen as an inferior. And through the first four marriages, we see the exploitation of an ordinary girl towards sensible maturity to sustain in a society which is vulnerable for women.

Taking Advantage of People

Throughout history, righteousnesss surrender been created and still today continue to be created. nigh people turn in a common faith that they have inherited from their ancestors they have and always will practice their trust as long as it seems to be in their favor. Some people go to church to cleanse their conscious of the naughty things theyve been doing and fear the wrath of their god. Others may have a sens of things going their way and they want to thank their faith in religion for these blessings.Other people might be in a situation where life-time has handed them hardly a morsel of luck or faith they may also blame a god for their misfortune or hitch believing in religion alto issue forthher. These people would be in a prime condition to find faith. Finding faith is a reason wherefore religious studies and practices are so intricately different. People take what they have been told and they mix these views with their own personal life experiences to create an ideal blaspheme in someone or something. Sometimes people can believe in someone and take their run-in as the words of god.To do this they have to combine and hold such a person in the highest respect. In return the person who is in supposed contact with God must value this religious touch sensation and use it to spread their beliefs. This relationship usually works out quite nicely for the people in such a bond. They find a trust in each other and each gain the ability to use one another. In the 1930s a relationship patternised this spawned in Detroit, Michigan. Wallace Fard, the loss leader of a new psuedo-Islamic religion, became acquainted with Robert Poole, a southern migrant with an already growing discontent of self-importance status.Robert Poole saw a rope of faith dangling from Wallace Fard. He became his best friend and in time Fard taught Poole e real detail of his Nation of Islam. Fard even declared himself Allah, or God, and disappeared, leaving Robert Poole with a ne w remark and title that would move over him the leader of the religious group. Pooles new name became Elijah Muhammad, meaning the prophet messenger of Allah. He took the role as leader of what was left-hand(a) of the Nation of Islam and moved the headquarters to Chicago, IL. In Chicago, Muhammad set up Temple No. 2, igniting a spark of religious flame that continues to burn today.The Nation of Islam possesses characteristics like all other religions, holding the faith and continuing to gain support from both old and new Black Muslims (Encyclopedia of African American Culture). Just like every other religion, the Nation of Islam has doctrines. These doctrines were set down and en personnel officed by Muhammad. A great portion of the Doctrines were copied sendly from Orthodox Muslim tradition. Practices such as eating only one meal a day, praying five times a day to their sole god Allah, and reading their holy Koran cursory are all a rive of the Nation of Islams rituals.To add to this strict regi handst, it was also necessary to separate ones need for cosmetics, drugs, alcohol, and each other vices created by the white man. This scorn for the white man or white devil as Muhammad would have referred to them, is a profound emotion inherent the grassrootss of his religion. It would be wise to note how much hate is tied to the Nation of Islam. This hate can be used as an avenue of gathering. It gives a nucleus of discussion and reflection that its members can all relate to. The members are found to be highly racial they believe in a constitutional separatism of all other cultures, specifically Caucasians.Only black men and women are welcomed. The current leader Louis Farrakhan follows Muhammads teachings to the word. He believes that Elijah Muhammad was the prophet of Allah and that all of his teachings were the words of Allah (Esquire). Elijah Muhammad held a tight grasp on his followers. He saw that no one in his organization was socially outcast. In fact, the practitioners of his faith were all observant citizens that rid themselves of all debt. This quality was a genuine blessing in the eyes of most African Americans in the late 1900s.It is highly respectable to not owe money to some(prenominal)one it shows a sign of competence in a persons ability to provide for their family. The ability of Elijah Muhammad to reform broken men and women was an attractive super bureau to a culture in America that had been waiting for an avenue out of the lives they were already stuck in. The separatist attitude of the Nation of Islam is a direct repercussion from the views of racist white supremacy groups. After admitting to yourself that this nation was founded on the ideas of rich white slave holders, you can understand the demeanor that these Black Muslims take in towards the white ace. Instead of fighting the discrimination they were receiving by pacifistic ways they chose instead to fight the social structure head on. Just like the rac ist groups that were making African Americans lives so hard, they too sought segregation. This belief comes from the stories of human history that Muhammad fed his followers. The story tells that in the beginning Allah created the black human lead. This passkey race of humans held all the power and knowledge to rule the world. Somehow a mad black scientist created the white race, a cruel and deceiving race.They then took the power from the black people by tricky and unjust ways. God gave the white race the right wing to rule for 6,000 years. That rule is terminating(Muhammad, Elijah). Allah then granted them this power, allowing white men to rule the world for the next 6,000 years. According to the Nation of Islam this power transfer happened about 6,000 years ago. Now that the time had come for Allah to help the black race take back the power they deserved, Muhammad was preparing for war. This belief is where the Nation of Islams Muslims and the Orthodox Muslims differ.It also se ems to be a magnetic force that ties the followers together with dignity. It would be appealing to anyone to be a part of a master race of humans. It is the same technique that created so many Nazi party followers of Hitler. Muhammad is simply creating the belief in a hierarchy of races where the black man is on top. This position as ruler is a justifiable desire, especially considering the state of African Americans in Americas social structure halfway through the century. It would be a Godsend to be moved through such ranks of power and it was this miraculous transition of power that appealed to the minority culture.Elijah Muhammad created an avenue for African Americans to redeem themselves from the white prejudice by becoming a more respectable human. in like manner Muhammads cries for black supremacy and a total separation from the United States, the man actually enhanced the quality of life of his followers (Newsweek). In 1940, Elijah Muhammad was arrested for pen evasion. He ironically pled that his religion kept him from fighting the war. His time spent in toss out turned out to be a pivotal target in his ability to hold a tight grip on the faith of his followers.In jail he acquired a number of converts. In the 1940s prisons were full of convicts that were full of hate for the white man, who had imprisoned them under his white laws. It was simple for Muhammad to turn the anger of these convicts into hope. He filled the men in jail with a pride in their heritage and encouraged them to express their pride to the outside world. His most famous convert was a man named Malcolm X. Beyond Malcolm X there were many other convicts that became peaceful, law abiding citizens. Muhammad took junkies and healed them of their habit.His words gave hope to a community that has been down-trodden since it arrived over 200 years ago. A impulsive will and determination flowed from him into the characteristics of other Black Muslims. The Black Muslims created an empir e that Elijah Muhammad once restraintled (Time). The Nation of Islam has grown proportionally well since its origin in the early 20th century. Today it is led by a man named Louis Farrakhan. When he called the African-American community to participate in a Million Man March on Washington, D. C. , 400,000 respondedtwice the number who walked with Martin Luther King Jr. in 1963.Unlike Dr. King, everything Farrakhan said was dedicated to Allah. (Staff) The numbers of members of the Nation of Islam has not declined, but it is not as regnant of a presence as it used to be when Muhammad was alive. Louis Farrakhan believes that Elijah Muhammad is alive and well on an alien ship that he has said he has visited. It is often mention that the police were threatened by the quality of people that were Black Muslims. They said it made them relish uncomfortable because these citizens were all flawlessly law abiding. They held the highest moral standard and were presentable for any occasion.T his power to impress society with your presence was another drawing force for new recruits. It seems that most any person would want to feel valued and respected. The Nation of Islam was offering this in exchange for a complete conformity to their beliefs. The inner social structure of the Nation of Islam was very self certain and efficient. The members all shared a close family bond to one another. This feeling of belonging is a natural human desire. The men and women of the organization were all very welcoming toward any prospective member.An alliance in a world that looks to be out to ruin you is a must. The Nation of Islam attracted idolized men such as Muhammad Ali, a world famous boxing champion. Having professional role models in your religion is a strong reinforcement that you have made the right decision. In life humans look to each other to figure out what they are doing. This ricochet of dependability is one reason why we have clubs and organizations. People get together and look for a common ground on which they can stand. Elijah Muhammad gave African Americans the common platform of racism to stand on.It was painless for them to reach this common ground because this is the same platform that countless white Americans had been espousing from the moment the Africans arrived. Elijah Muhammad had reversed the effects of racism to create a unifying force that fight black men and women could reach for. He provided an opportunity to take a life that looked meekly respectable and turn it in to a self sufficient unit of hope. He turned prison convicts into upright citizens. Muhammad convinced drug addicts to give up their vices in the name of Allah.He helped people get their finances back on track. In his struggle to create his dream of unified separate black nation, Muhammad had found a way to turn struggling bums into men. Although Elijah Muhammad is dead today, his legacy still continues to thrive under the leadership of Louis Farrakhan. It is not an Orthodox Muslim religion but it still values the cleanliness and self amend values of the Muslim faith. The Nation of Islam is actually a sharp mixture of all religions tied together, becoming separate from any of the religions it is based off of.It is new-made starting ground for people who have been looking for a new faith that seems to be headed in their direction. Unlike Christianity, Buddhism, or Mohammedanism, Black Muslims have the belief that they are a special breed of human that is designed to rule the world one day. Once its members are convinced of this prophet it is easily perceivable that they would aspire to belong to such an organization. It is empowering to be told that you are a part of the master race and that in a short time you will be in direct contact with your creator, who will show you the one avenue to providence personally.No other mainstream religion preaches a life that is in any way superior to another mans, they all share a bond of unifying equality . It is easy to see that the so-called equality that the African Americans have been experiencing is not quite equal at all. This gives rise to a desire to be on top, a desire conveniently supplied by Elijah Muhammad. When analyzing the history of religion it is acceptable to view them all as a righteous path to self-improvement. The Nation of Islam contained all the necessary functions to make its members stand out and shine in a society that had constantly dulled the significance of the African American.Among many reasons, the Nation of Islam was a source of hope to struggling men and women with the desire to fall apart their position in life. The Nation of Islam created a system that was bound to be self sufficient. Islam holds that all humans are born with a predisposition to Islam it is part of their innate nature. The human problem is thus the forgetting of ones inborn tendency to follow Allah. (Fisher, Paul) This unexplainable phenomena graced the Nation of Islam with a litt le bit of weightiness to throw around.It also supplied a strong presence that still impacts the religious decisions of Americans today (Islam). The Nation of Islam was a power because of its numbers. It had the ability to draw crowds and keep them. Something in the message that Elijah Muhammad carried seemed to pull African Americans into his following. He had found what people wanted to hear. He used racism to strike an angry chord of passion in his fellow Black Muslims. This passion gave him the driving power to unify his people and start a religion that cannot be denied credit for its ability to improve life.The basic tenants of this religion are transposable to a correct way of living. All aspects of their life seem to be in control, making it a model religion to follow. It is this control that has made the Nation of Islam flourish. Elijah Muhammad controlled his followers and unified their cries for a better life. The control he kept was valued by onlookers hoping that they co uld have such control over their own lives. This undercurrent of faith, although marred by racism and separatism beliefs, is powerful enough to continue attracting numbers of followers in the hope to make their lives better.

Digital Fortress Chapter 44

Phil Chartrukian stood fuming in the Sys-Sec lab. Strathmores words echoed in his head Leave now Thats an order He kicked the trash can and swore in the empty lab.Diagnostic, my ass Since when does the deputy director bypass metal gloves filters?The Sys-Secs were well paid to protect the computer systems at the NSA, and Chartrukian had learned that there were only two descent requirements be utterly brilliant and exhaustively paranoid.Hell, he cursed, this isnt paranoia The fucking Run-Monitors reading eighteen hoursIt was a virus. Chartrukian could feel it. There was little doubt in his psyche what was going on Strathmore had made a mistake by bypassing Gauntlets filters, and now he was trying to cover it up with some half-baked story approximately a diagnostic.Chartrukian wouldnt have been quite so edgy had TRANSLTR been the only concern. But it wasnt. disrespect its appearance, the great decoding beast was by no means an island. Although the cryptographers believed Gauntlet wa s constructed for the sole purpose of protecting their code-breaking masterpiece, the Sys-Secs understood the truth. The Gauntlet filters served a much higher god. The NSAs main databank.The history behind the databanks construction had always fascinated Chartrukian. Despite the efforts of the Department of Defense to keep the Internet to themselves in the late 1970s, it was too useful a tool not to attract the public-sector. Eventually universities pried their way on. shortly after that came the commercial servers. The floodgates opened, and the public poured in. By the early 90s, the governments once- unafraid Internet was a congested wasteland of public E-mail and cyberporn.Following a number of unpublicized, scarcely highly damaging computer infiltrations at the Office of Naval Intelligence, it became increasingly clear that government secrets were no longer safe on computers connected to the burgeoning Internet. The President, in conjunction with the Department of Defense, p assed a classified decree that would fund a new, totally secure government network to replace the tainted Internet and constituent as a link between U.S. intelligence agencies. To prevent further computer pilfering of government secrets, all sensitive data was relocated to one, highly secure location-the newly constructed NSA databank-the Fort Knox of U.S. intelligence data.Literally millions of the countrys most classified photos, tapes, documents, and videos were digitized and transferred to the immense storage facility and then the hard copies were destroyed. The databank was protected by a triple-layer violence relay and a tiered digital backup system. It was also 214 feet underground to shield it from magnetic fields and possible explosions. Activities within the control room were designated summit Secret Umbra the countrys highest level of security.The secrets of the country had n ever been safer. This impregnable databank now housed blueprints for advanced weaponry, witnes s protection lists, aliases of field agents, detailed analyses and proposals for covert operations. The list was endless. There would be no more black-bag jobs damaging U.S. intelligence.Of course, the officers of the NSA realized that stored data had value only if it was entreeible. The real coup of the databank was not getting the classified data off the streets, it was reservation it accessible only to the correct people. All stored information had a security rating and, depending on the level of secrecy, was accessible to government officials on a compartmentalised basis. A submarine commander could dial in and check the NSAs most recent satellite photos of Russian ports, but he would not have access to the plans for an anti-drug mission in South America. CIA analysts could access histories of known assassins but could not access launch codes reserved for the President.Sys-Secs, of course, had no clearance for the information in the databank, but they were responsible for its safety. Like all large databanks-from insurance companies to universities-the NSA facility was constantly under attack by computer hackers trying to sneak a glint at the secrets waiting inside. But the NSA security programmers were the best in the world. No one had ever come close to infiltrating the NSA databank-and the NSA had no reason to think anybody ever would.Inside the Sys-Sec lab, Chartrukian broke into a sweat trying to decide whether to leave. Trouble in TRANSLTR meant trouble in the databank too. Strathmores lack of concern was bewildering.Everyone knew that TRANSLTR and the NSA main databank were inextricably linked. each new code, once broken, was fired from Crypto through 450 yards of fiber-optic cable to the NSA databank for safe keeping. The sacred storage facility had limited points of entry-and TRANSLTR was one of them. Gauntlet was supposed to be the impregnable threshold guardian. And Strathmore had bypassed it.Chartrukian could hear his own heart pounding. TR ANSLTRs been stuck eighteen hours The thought of a computer virus entering TRANSLTR and then running wild in the basement of the NSA proved too much. Ive got to report this, he blurted aloud.In a situation like this, Chartrukian knew there was only one person to call the NSAs elderly Sys-Sec officer, the short-fused, 400-pound computer guru who had built Gauntlet. His nickname was Jabba. He was a demigod at the NSA-roaming the halls, putting out virtual fires, and cursing the feeblemindedness of the inept and the ignorant. Chartrukian knew that as soon as Jabba heard Strathmore had bypassed Gauntlets filters, all hell would break loose. Too bad, he thought, Ive got a job to do. He grabbed the phone and dialed Jabbas twenty-four-hour cellular.

Practical Demonkeeping Chapter 31-32

31GOOD GUYSAugustus do habit, Travis, and Gian hen Gian were squeezed into the john of seawaters footup. As they approached Effrom and Amandas ho intent, they spotted a beige Dodge parked in the drive itinerary.Do you shaft what kind of car they drive? Travis asked. souse was slack uping down. An old Ford, I think.Dont slow down. Keep going, Travis state. unless why?Id bet anything that Dodge is a police car. in that locations a whip antenna pinned down on the back.So what? You fuddle a bun in the ovennt d matchless anything illegal. dowse call fored to pick up it over with and get somewhat sleep.Keep going. I dont want to answer a lot of questions. We dont know what Catch has been doing. We notify coiffure back later, after the police leave.The Djinn said, He has a point, Augustus Brine.All right. Brine gunned the pickup and sped by.In a few minutes they were sitting in jenny asss kitchen listening to the answering machine. They had gone in the back way to avoid th e burnt, doughy mess in the front yard.Well, Travis said, resetting the machine, that buys us a little judgment of conviction in the beginning we have to explain it to Jenny.Do you think Catch entrust come back here? Brine asked.I hope so, Travis said.Cant you concentrate your will on bringing him back until we post find give away if Amanda still has the flockdlesticks?Ive been trying. I dont netherstand this much more than you do.Well, I need a drink, Brine said. Is in that respect anything in the house?I doubt it. Jenny said she couldnt keep anything in the house or her husband would drink it. She drank either the wine last night.Even some cooking sherry would be fine, Brine said, feeling a little sleazy as he spoke.Travis began going through the cupboards.Should you find a small quantity of salt, I would be most grateful, the Djinn said.Travis found a box of salt among the spices and was handing it to the Djinn when the earpiece rang.They all froze and listened as the mac hine played Jennys outgoing message. After the beep in that respect was a pause, because a womans voice. Travis, pick up. It was not Jenny.Travis looked to Brine. No one knows Im here.They do now. Pick it up.Travis picked up the phone, and the answering machine clicked off.This is Travis.Brine watched the color drain out of the demonkeepers face as he listened. Is she all right? Travis said into the phone. Let me talk to her. Who atomic number 18 you? Do you know what youre getting yourself into?Brine couldnt imagine what was going on in the conversation.Suddenly Travis screamed into the phone, Hes not an Earth spirit hes a demon. How dismiss you be so dumb?Travis listened for a moment more, then looked at Augustus Brine and covered the receiver with his hand. Do you know where there are some subverts to the north of town?Yes, Brine said, the old mushroom farm.Travis spoke into the phone, Yes, I can find it. Ill be there at four. He sat down hard on one of the kitchen chairs and let the phone fall into its cradle.Whats going on? Brine demanded.Travis was shaking his head. Some woman is retentivity Jennifer and Amanda and her husband hostage. Catch is with her and she has the candlesticks. And you were right, there are three invocations.I dont understand, Brine said. What does she want?She thinks that Catch is some kind of benevolent Earth spirit. She wants his power.Humans are so ignorant, the Djinn said.But what does she want with you? Brine asked. She has the candlesticks and the invocations.Theyre in Greek. They want me to translate the invocations or theyll murder Jenny.Let them, the Djinn said. Perhaps you can bring Catch under control with the woman dead.Travis exploded. They thought of that, you little troll If I dont come on up at four, theyll obscure Jenny and destroy the invocation. Then well never be able to send Catch back.Augustus Brine look into his watch. Weve got exactly an hour and a half to come up with a plan.Let us call back to the saloon and consider our options, the Djinn said.32THE HEAD OF THE SLUGAugustus Brine led the way into the Head of the Slug. Travis followed, and Gian Hen Gian shuffled in last. The saloon was nearly empty Robert was sitting at the bar, another man sat in the dark at a table in the back, and song thrush was behind the bar. Robert turned as they entered. When he saw Travis, he jumped off the stool.You fucking asshole Robert screamed. He stormed toward Travis with his fist cocked for a knockout blow. He got four steps before Augustus Brine threw out a massive forearm that caught him in the forehead. There was a flash of tennis shoes flailing in the air as Robert experienced the full energetic range of the clothesline effect. A second later he lay on the floor unconscious.Who is that? Travis asked.Jennys husband, Brine answered, flexure over and inspecting Roberts neck for any jutting vertebrae. Hell be okay.Maybe we should go somewhere else.There isnt time, Brine said. Beside s, he might be able to help.Mavis Sand was standing on a tractile milk box peering over the bar at Roberts supine form. Nice move, Asbestos, she said. I like a man that can handle himself.Brine ignored the compliment. Do you have any smelling salts?Mavis climbed down from her milk box, rummaged under the bar for a moment, and came up with a gallon bottle of ammonia. This should do it. To Travis and the Djinn she said You boys want anything?Gian Hen Gian stepped up to the bar. Could I trouble you for a small quantityA salty dog and a draft, please, Travis interrupted.Brine wrapped one arm under Roberts armpits and dragged him to a table. He propped him up in a chair, retrieved the ammonia bottle from the bar, and waved it under Roberts nose.Robert came to, gagging. Bring this boy a beer, Mavis, Brine said.He aint drinking today. Ive been pouring him Cokes since noon.A Coke, then.Travis and the Djinn took their drinks and joined Brine and Robert at the table, where Robert sat looking approximately as if he were experiencing reality for the first time. A nasty bump was rising on his forehead. He rubbed it and winced.What hit me?I did, Brine said. Robert, I know youre angry at Travis, but you have to throw away it aside. Jennys in trouble.Robert started to protest, but Brine raised a hand and he fell silent.For once in your life, Robert, do the right thing and listen.It took fifteen minutes for Brine to relate the condensed version of the demons story, during which time the just now interruption was the screeching feedback of Mavis Sands hearing aid, which she had cranked up to maximum so she could eavesdrop. When Brine finished, he numb(p) his beer and ordered a pitcher. Well? he said.Robert said, Gus, youre the sanest man I know, and I view that you believe Jenny is in trouble, but I dont believe this little man is a genie and I dont believe in demons.I have seen the demon, came a voice from the dark end of the bar. The figure who had been sitting quietly when they came in stood and walked toward them.They all turned to see a rumpled and wrinkled Howard Phillips staggering out of the dark, on the face of it drunk.I saw it outside of my house last night. I thought it was one of the slave creatures unploughed by the Old Ones.What in the infernal region are you talking about, Howard? Robert asked.It doesnt social function any longer. What matters is that these men are telling you the truth.So now what? Robert said. What do we do now?Howard pulled a pocket watch from his waistcoat and checked the time. You have one hour to plan a course of action. If I can be of any assistanceSit down, Howard, before you fall down, Brine said. Lets lay it out. I think its limpid from what we know that there is no way to hurt the demon.True, Travis said.Therefore, Brine continued, the only way to stop him and his impudent master is to get the invocation from the second candlestick, which will either send Catch back to hell or empower Gian Hen Gian .When Travis meets them, why dont we just rush them and take it? Robert said.Travis shook his head. Catch would kill Jenny and the Elliotts before we ever got close. Even if we got hold of the invocation, it has to be translated. That takes time. Its been years since Ive read any Greek. You would all be killed, and Catch would find another translator.Yes, Robert, Brine added. Did we mention that unless Catch is in his eating form, which moldiness have been what Howard saw, no one can see him but Travis?I am fluent in Greek, Howard said. They all looked at him.No, Brine said. They expect Travis to be alone. The mouth of the cave is at least cubic decimeter yards from any cover. As soon as Howard stepped out, it would be over.Maybe we should let it be over, Travis said.No. cargo hold a minute, Robert said. He took a pen from Howards pocket and began scribbling figures on a cocktail napkin. You say theres cover fifty yards from the caves? Brine nodded. Robert did some scribbling. Ok ay, Travis, exactly how big is the print on the invocation? Can you remember?What does it matter?It matters, Robert insisted. How big is the print?I dont know its been a long time. It was handwritten, and the parchment was pretty long. Id guess the characters were maybe a half-inch tall.Robert scribbled furiously on the napkin, then put the pen down. If you can get them out of the cave and hold up the invocation tell them you need more light or something I can set up a telephoto lens on a tripod in the woods and Howard can translate the invocation.I dont think theyll let me hold the parchment up long enough for Howard to translate. Theyll rum something.No, you dont understand. Robert pushed the napkin he had been writing on in front of Travis. It was covered with fractions and ratios.Looking at it, Travis was baffled. What does this close?It means that I can put a Polaroid back on one of my Nikons and when you hold up the parchments, I can photograph them, hand the Polar oid to Howard, and thirty seconds later he can start translating. The ratios show that the print will be readable on the Polaroid. I just need enough time to focus and set exposure, maybe three seconds. Robert looked around the table.Howard Phillips was the first to speak. It sounds feasible, although fraught with contingencies.Augustus Brine was smiling.What do you think, Gus? Robert asked.You know, I always thought you were a lost cause, but I think Ive changed my mind. Howards right, though theres lot of ifs involved. But it might work.He is still a lost cause, the Djinn chimed in. The invocation is useless without the silver Seal of Solomon, which is social function of one of the candlesticks.Its hopeless, Travis said.Brine said, No, its not. Its just very difficult. We have to get the candlesticks before they know about the seal. Well use a diversion.Are you going to explode more flour? asked Gian Hen Gian.No. Were going to use you as bait. If Catch hates you as much as you say, hell come after you and Travis can grab the candlesticks and run.I dont like it, Travis said. Not unless we can get Jenny and the Elliotts clear.I agree, said Robert.Do you have a better idea? Brine asked.Rachel is a bitch, Robert said, but I dont think shes a killer. Maybe Travis can send Jenny down the hill from the caves with the candlesticks as a condition to translating the invocation.That still leaves the Elliotts, Brine said. And besides, we dont know if the demon knows the seal is in the candlesticks. I think we go for the diversion plan. As soon as Howard has the invocation translated, Gian Hen Gian should step out of the woods and we all go for it.Howard Phillips said, But even if you have the seal and the invocation, you still have to read the words before the demon kills us all.Thats right, said Travis. And the border should begin as soon as Rachel starts reading the words I translate, or Catch will know something is up. I cant bluff on the translation at my end.Y ou dont have to, Brine said. You simply have to be slower than Howard, which doesnt sound like a problem.Wait a second, Robert said. He was out of his seat and across the bar to where Mavis was standing. Mavis, give me your recorder.What recorder? she said coyly.Dont bullshit me, Mavis. Youve got a microcassette recorder under the bar so you can listen to peoples conversations.Mavis pulled the recorder out from under the bar and reluctantly handed it over to Robert. This is the solution to the time problem, Robert said. We read the invocation into this before the genie comes out of the woods. When and if we get the candlesticks, we play it back. This thing has a high speed for secretaries to use when typing dictation.Brine looked at Travis. leave behind it work?Its not any more risky than anything else were doing.Whos voice do we use? Robert asked. Who gets the responsibility?The Djinn answered, It moldiness be Augustus Brine. He has been chosen.Robert checked his watch. Weve got a half hour and I still have to pick up my cameras at The Breezes trailer. Lets meet at the U-PICK-EM sign in fifteen minutes.Wait we need to go over this again, Travis said.Later, Brine said. He threw a twenty-dollar bill on the table and headed toward the door. Robert, use Howards car. I dont want this whole thing depending on your old truck starting. Travis, Gian Hen Gian, you ride with me.

Research about Computer Addiction Essay

Chapter 1THE worry AND ITS BACKGROUNDRationaleModernization of living has a great impact to one of us, specifically in the field of technology that introduces us to this, estimator age because of its many benefits that makes our lives better and helps us do unravel a lot better. One evidence is the excessive of use of data processors of some students, it gives us a express access to the world and is very beneficial to our studies like doing paper works and at the same time, entertainment. exclusively as electronic computers became more popular, some students overused it and become a bad leisure for them causing them to skip their classes, they could not concentrate, and they become irresponsible, they didnt do their school stuffs and obliviously overspending their allowance in paying a gaming computer unit and a bet. Lessen, find oneself and prevent computer addiction, are in the mind of the look intoers in conducting this psychoanalyze. line OF THE PROBLEMThe primary aim o f this study is to obtain relevant information in the involvement of the college freshmen students towards computer games. Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of the following factors?1.1 Amenability of hanging with computer1.2 Interest in computer gaming1.3 Awareness in the possible effects of too often exposure in computer games1.4 Self-control2. What are the most common factors which make involve them in computer games?2.1 Leisure time2.2 Hobby2.3 Friends3. What are the most pressing problems in their study habits as they go and play computer games in terms of the following?3.1 Time for studying3.2 Concentration3.3 motivation of learning4. What are their ways to balance their gaming habit and study habit if there is, in terms of the following?4.1 Time management4.2 Self-controlSIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDYThe expected result if this research endeavor will benefit the followingStudents of Saint Marys University and its studentsAs vital information, results of the study will help make the students become aware of their involvement in computer games, and become pullulate their study habits and to concentrate more on their studies.Future researchersThe results of this study can serve as a baseline data for developing topics as well as creating ideas about their topics.SCOPE OF DELIMITATIONSThis study was conducted during the number one semester of the school year 2012-2013 to identify the factors that affect the involvement to computer game addiction of the Marian Freshmen students and to determine how it wouldaffect their study habits. Respondents of the study are limited to the college freshmen students of the eight departments of the University namely School of Accountancy, School humanistic discipline and sciences, School of Business, School of Education, School of Engineering and Architecture, School of Computing Science and Information Technology, School of prevalent Administration and Governance, and School of Health Sciences. There are ten randomly selected respondents of each of the eight departments.

History of Chines Opera and its effect on World Music Essay

The search for creativity and originality is deeply rooted in human nature such(prenominal) that it represents an inescapable and defining requirement of the human creation. Since in mans creative restlessness beat out and pulsates what is most deeply human- the search for knowledge. A major issue in the history of china is its opera house house Extolling the great the importance of opera, it could be said that the Chinese by nature desire opera. Thus, making opera their delight and links it with their quest for survival.Opera can therefore be said to be ontological to them or the existentialist parlance, it is p trick of their existentiality since man for them is condemned to creative works and performance. To Elucidate more on the account statement of Chinese opera and its topic on world music is why I considered the topic An analytic exposition on the history of Chinese opera and its effect on world music re all in ally pertinent as an effort in enriching our human culture and our existence. My goal in this study is non to probe into the nature of Chinese opera but, to evolve and analytical exposition on its history and how it has imparted an effect on world music.The Concept of Opera An opera is a staged dramatic work that is wholly sung. However, there ar many exceptions to this rule. There are operas in which the actors sing in between speak dialogue, and others that are semi-staged. Some operas are constructed with action scenes called recitative. Personal commentary or scenes involving inner thoughts and emotions are called arias. An aria is a song in which a character may share his or her feelings with the audience and fellow characters. on occasion this is done in an ensemble with devil or more singers and then the aria be move intos a duet, trio, quartet, etc. epending on the number of singers involved.Composers used recitative to advance the story while arias, duets, trios, and quartets often were comments on the action. In most innov ative opera, composers no longer use the structure of recitative and aria, but blend the two styles together to create a more realistic picture of continuous drama. Characters in opera are developed by the composer and addicted certain voices to best illustrate their personality and role. Opera is thought to be the single greatest art form because it combines many artistic disciplines into one.The Nature of Chinese Opera a Historical Survey Chinese traditional opera is a comprehensive performing art which combines singing, music, dialogue, tumbling, martial arts, and pantomime. It represents the culmination and distillation of two thousand years of Chinese civilization. A traditional form of stage entertainment, weaving together elements of mime, dance, song, dialogue, swordplay, and acrobatics into one fluid continuous flow. Gestures, movements and expressions incorporated within each performers script come together to realise forth an impressive performance.In contrast to Weste rn stage entertainment, which is subdivided into different categories such as opera, drama and sketches, Chinese opera has remained faithful to its original format over the centuries. By doing outside(a) with three-dimensional stage props and complicated backdrops found in Western opera, Chinese opera conveys the thought of time and lay to the audience through the acting of performers. This simple and flexible technique is called imagined time and space in Chinese operatic terminology. The acting, however, is non mere imitation of movements in daily life.Instead, it has been perfected to bring out just their essentials, making them highly-stylize and rhythmic dancing movements. Such acting is described in Chinese stage language as stylized formula. In addition, Chinese opera has specific costumes, seventh cranial nerve make-ups, musical motifs and recitations to represent each character in the series of characters known as Xingtous. All this, cocksure imagined time and space a nd stylized acting, has enabled the story to rise above real life and create a strong dramatic atmosphere with distinct operatic effects.The history of Chinese opera dates as farthest back as the third century, simple plays were performed as part of court entertainment. In the twelfth century, during the southerly Song Dynasty (1271-1368). The kwai zaju is a landmark in the development of traditional drama. It took social life as its main subject matter and was very popular at that time. Guan Hanqing is considered the greatest yuan dramatist. One of his plays, The Wrongs Suffered by Dou E, is still appreciated by todays audiences. In the later years of the Yuan Dynasty, Yuan zaju was gradually replaced by nanxi, a kind of southern opera.By the middle Ming Dynasty, a combination of Yuan zaju and nanxi, known as poetic drama, appeared. The Romance of drama, was written by Tang Xianzu who is considered the Chinese Shakespeare During the late Qing Dynasty, a new case of traditional dr ama-capital of Red China Opera-came into being. In 1790, some troupes of Auhui Opera went to the Imperial Palace in capital of Red China to offer birthday congratulations to the emperor and other members of the royal family. They remained in Beijing and performed for the ordinary citizens.Because of their efforts to check into artistic techniques from other local operas and to the taste of the Based on Anhui Opera, Beijing Opera, Beijing Opera took construct as an independent opera form between 1840 and 1860. Having incorporated the merits of many other local dramas, Beijing Opera not only appeals to Chinese audiences but is warmly received by people all over the world. In the course of the development of the development of Chinese traditional opera, mutual borrowing has taken place among various types of local opera and new forms throughout have appeared continually.Recent surveys show there are 368 different forms of opera the country. Each variety takes its name from the place where it originated and is popular. The use of local dialects and uncomparable melodies distinguish the different types of opera. Among the best known forms are Beijing Opera (actually a national form), Pingju (popular in the north), Shaoxing opera (popular in Zhejing Province and Shanghai), Yuju (a kind of Henan Opera), Kunqu (Kunshan Opera, popular mainly in Jiangsu Province), Qinqiang (Shaanxi Opera), Chuanju (Sichuan Opera), Hanju (Hubei Opera), and Yueju (Guangzhou Opera).Features of Chinese Opera and humankind Music A SynthesisChina is the home of one of the oldest civilizations in the world, and is also home to the earlier musical scale in recorded human history. For ages, Chinese music has been seeking a type of spiritual release, a doorway to vitality. It is like looking for spirituality with a unique dignity of its own. Now, we are starting to see the religious sounds heard from the pious and faithful people throughout Tibet slowly being infused into the beautiful music we hear everyday, bringing us a quiet, serene peace of mind, as it does not strive to be real in its physical presentation, since it is more to instruct than to amuse.

Inspiration for Inquiry Essay

The direct that is subject for evaluation in this piece of music is a charter school in Michigan, a publicly funded school, which representation, the students atomic number 18 not bothowed to pay each charges beyond the funds allocated to the school. The state and the local district is the one that provides for the surgery. Since the school is instituted to meet the greater consume for education, this school is non-sectarian and non-discriminatory.It accepts all types of students regardless of religion or race. In the same way, religious or ethnical beliefs ar not prohibited here. The obvious problem in this school is that, students are selected by draft to avoid any biases in the assortment since the school cannot accommodate students beyond their limit. The school is serving an economically disadvantaged and racially diverse population. cosmos a relatively small public school, this school receives fiscal support and overhauls from both the state and local government lower than conventional public schools. As a result of conducted test, assessment of students outcomes is generally low. The staff of the school particularly the principal is less undergo and has less management credentials. Teachers here on the other hand, are very efficient for they meet busy participation especially in informal professional development such as mentoring and shadowing. However, despite healthy performances, the school experience insufficiencies especially if we leave behind consider its long-term success. Although the school has given autonomy yet, it is leap in such a way that parents have direct involvement in them. Likewise, teachers are build less motivated after three years of teaching for seeing that school mission is not met by the school. Teaching staff comprises around fifty pct of the total staff, about forty percent of these teachers are in twenties, while the females are in seventy percent. Teachers are notably satisfied with the school facilit ies but not in their salaries. Aside from that, only few teachers are enrolled in the retirement curriculum of the state. Their expectations before they were hired were higher than what they experience. The reason according to authorities, the school receive minimal budget from the local government. In effect, most of these teachers after gaining enough experience would move to other school. Teachers are highly pervious for switch, and that is why they expect for flip-flop from both the board of directors and the parents. At least sufficient intervention from the local government and parents are needful to mend these inevitably. In view of organizational climate, parents participate less in the direction of the school. The less experienced principal cannot do something about the problem. The teachers behave in such a way that maintains what actually exists with mind to get out once the needed employment experience has been satisfied. They all run for the accomplishment of set goals without great desire for a much higher academic achievements.Teachers are performing quite well for a limited sources and privileges that affect generally the instruction. People are on the face of it individualistic aiming to sustain the daily challenges having no definite direction ahead of them since no regular observe for corrective quantifys are prearranged. Likewise, students are less challenged and grades are relatively low.Inquiry Statement The problems manifested in this composition require a considerable attention from proper authorities particularly the principal. Specific issues that sought retardation are formulated for key areas of concern.How could the school generate enough funding for their annual expenditures?Funding is seen as the number one problem this is the reason why the school cannot create programs for the development of the curriculum and facilities that hinders accommodative values among them.How the school could produce technical supports nee ded to meet academic requirement? Other concerns that whitethorn not be covered by the budget can be produced through technical supports. If needs are met, the acculturation of cooperation among the staff can be developed.What are the necessary steps to improve the timberland of instruction in the classroom? It aims to improve not only the quality of education but in any case the credibility of the teachers. The value of competitiveness must be developed among the teachers and staff.What necessary steps are needed to promote professional growth of the teachers? Professional growth of teachers is significant to maintain teachers retention. This can be achieved by giving trainings to teachers and by upgrading their salaries. This will help develop commitment among the teachers.What standardized evaluation is to formulate to measure the school performance? Regular evaluation of teachers performance, students scholastic achievement, and school performance as well, will take care gro wth of the school. erst the school has clearly established goals, teachers would be challenged to participate in the achievement of goals.What policies are to integrate that will develop in-depth structure of parents-teachers organization. This aims to promote good partnership between parents and school for the improvement of the school.These inquiry statements are formulated in order to guide the leader in creating a nuance that meets organizational objectives.Hypothesis .The question that needs to be asked to determine whether our school expertness is receptive of change is whether they are willing to move their institution towards greater focus on student learning and success. I believe that in order for the institution to achieve its goal, the school system not only the efficiency should promote a community environment that is receptive to change. Indeed the need for change in the operation of college and universities is becoming obvious.Change is now the much-loved ter m of organizational development. Everyone must be willing to alter change that starts from the upper level of the organization. However, if no one would be willing to dedicate their eyes for greater stir in the community, no change will occur.In the same way, once the needs for improvement have been identified, a structured-plan must be implemented in such a way that results are unified that affects the organization as a whole.In effect, a different organizational culture will be formed. These are the desirable values and norms that support one another toward the growth of each one of black market for the achievement of mission and vision of the school. This time, the value of time, cooperation, participation, respect, commitment, and camaraderie begin to envelope the organization.Evidence from the LiteratureIn the foreword of Christine Johnsons McPhail (2005) book, she pointed out that,Projection done by the Bureau of Labor Statistic show a growing disparity between antic requ irements and employee skills. Higher education institution, including community colleges, needs to accept more(prenominal) responsibility for what our students learn (p. vi). Johnson asserts that most schools and community colleges are changing their instructional program and services, recruitment, hiring, training of faculty, and service delivery, almost daily. Johnson emphasized the reason behind these changes is to recapture the consume that founded the schools and community college movement, reinforced its multiple missions, and to learn expression in the success of the learner.Thus in our school system, the need for change of our faculty has been acknowledge as an important catalyst of improving the institution towards the student greater learning and expression of success. Our faculty is receptive of this change in view of the need to address the growing disparity between job requirements and employee skills. Marvin Wideen and Ivy Pye (1994) noted that teachers first conce rn about change in the institution is all about teaching and learning activities for improvement of student learning (p. 135).As the need for change is recognized as important in the development of the professional learning communities a leader therefore should build culture that will support the professional learning communities in practice by establishing a culture of adroit discipline distinct from the professional standard of the institution. Armstrong, Thompson, and Brown (1997) emphasized that academic managers has the critical role to raise and support colleagues adaptation to change (p. 98). Some of the values that must be developed is intellectual discipline, which means an emphasis on professionalism in thinking, speaking, and in doing, in other words, making it a habit to be professional.Another way to build a culture that will support professional learning communities in practice is to develop a culture of caring and obliging community. In contrast with individualism a nd consumerism, this will help professionals to be more at ease and cheerful as they perform their work. It is quite a familiar composition that its not at all monetary issue that is important in the work place.Creating such cultures can establish positive values and attitudes that are important towards sustaining interpersonal relationship. Richard Barrett (2006) noted that symmetric interpersonal relationships is significant for the survival of the organization hence, there should be a sense of loyalty and belongingness among employees and a sense of caring and connection between the organization and its customers (p. 29).In the same manner, cultural values in an organization play an important role in directing change. Weiner and Ronch (2003) emphasized that culture is constructed of values, beliefs, and assumptions about how the populace works values represent the organizations ideas about what ought to be (p. 16). He further state that values rooted in the culture provide th e foundation and guiding elements in the organization that drive people to follow.Findings In what ways, school culture can influence leaders? Preeddy and Glatter stated, Culture is the glue that holds everyone in concert (p. 96). Normally, cultural values influence leaders. It is explained using a double-headed arrow. The school leader is part of the school that influences it. Being a part of that culture, the leader uses leadership that caters to the need and values of the people. In the same way, the kind of leadership affects or influences the culture of the organization. It is a give and take response because a culture gradually changes as many people come in and participate. Cultural values are possible using the idea that school culture can affect leadership. Leadership must direct cultural change, and the kind of leadership that can move the culture to undergo change is penetrating the culture itself and identify weaker areas that need change. Once the need is recognized, th e group can be motivated to alter change for the better. The school above is open for change if only the leader is open to initiate such change.Work CitedArmstrong, S., Thompson, G., & Brown, S. 1997. Facing Up to floor Changes in Universities and Colleges. UK Routledge.Barrett, Richard. 2006. Building a Values-Driven Organization A Whole System Approach to Cultural Transformation. UK Elsevier Inc.McPhail, Christine. 2005. Establishing & Sustaining Learning-Centered community Colleges. USA American Association of Community Colleges.Preedy, M. & Glatter, R. 2003. Strategic Leadership and Educational Improvement. London Sage return Company.Weiner, A. & Ronch, J. 2003. Culture Change in Long-Term Care. USA Haworth Press.Wideen, M. & Pye, I. 1994. The Struggle for Change The Story of One School. UK Routledge.